Elephants Elephants - Wildpro - Twycross Zoo

non-Fed members) that do not operate free contact management did not
perform foot care on their elephants.
Housing and enclosures
Size inside male: recommended minimum is 50 m². The range is 30-450 m²,
(per male) with an average of 162.6 m². Three collections were below the
minimum. One of these is a Fed member who is building new housing which
will be ready next year.
Size inside female: recommended minimum is 200 m² for four cows with an
additional 50 m² for each additional cow over two years (minimum heard size
is four cows). As well as checking for the 200 m² minimum inside space per
female was calculated. Range per female was 30 – 500 m² per animal with a
mean of 120.22 m². Four collections did not comply with minimum standards
(two Fed members, of the Fed members one is building new housing which
should be ready next year).
Size outside bullpen: recommended minimum is 500 m². Range is 70-6000 with
an average of 2211.25 m². One collection (non Federation) did not comply
with the guidelines for an outside minimum area, but it has been noted that
the area they have given is for a bullpen that is only used on its own in
emergencies. Please note that the results of measurements for the outdoor bull
enclosure are not clear, as some collections gave only results for a ‘bull pen’
whilst others only gave the size of the paddock that included the females.
Size outside female: recommended minimum for 8 animals is 2,000 m² and for
cows and bull 3,000 m². Range is 2000 – 6744.77 m² with an average of 7998.5
m². All collections complied with the minimum; the two smallest outside
areas were for collections that only kept cows.
Indoor substrate: ranged from concrete to tiles to rubber and tarmac, 13
collections used concrete in part or all areas.
Heating: Twelve collections had indoor heating, of the two who did not (and
are therefore not complying with guidelines) one was a Fed member, but is
building a new house with heating. Temperature range was 15 – 22 °C.
(minimum recommended is 15). Four had underfloor heating.
Pools: Thirteen collections have outdoor pools with one having an additional
indoor pool. One collection has neither an indoor nor an outdoor pool (Fed
member) and is therefore not complying with guidelines.
Restraint chute: only one collection had this therefore complying with the
guidelines for collections holding bulls.
Enrichment: all collections carried out enrichment and had scratching posts.
Browse: 13 of the 14 collections fed browse – the one that did not is a
Federation member and not complying with guidelines.
Group Composition
Summary for indoor: three collections kept females separate when indoors (2
non-Fed) and were therefore not complying with guidelines.
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