Elephants Elephants - Wildpro - Twycross Zoo

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178 Zoo Walks Y Public Encounters Riding N Y Transport Y TB Testing Y Ultrasound Y Footcare Y Urine/Blood Y Cycles Y Stretching Y 6.4.2 Condition Score for Asian Elephants J. Nijboer, Rotterdam Zoo, European Zoo Nutrition Group 1 - Emaciated Skin over ribs tight and ribs prominent; spinous process sharp and easily seen, no muscle either side of spine; skin tight over pelvis; ‘Hook (hip bones) and Pins (tuber ischeii)’ very prominent; deep cavity anterior to hip bones; “small” face; cheek bones are clearly visible. 2 - Thin Ribs visible; spinous process well defined bust some muscling; pelvis visible, with slight depression anterior to hipbones. 3 - Good Ribs just visible but covered; spinous process visible with good muscling either side; pelvis rounded; ‘Hook and Pins’ rounded and covered - definition, but no depression anterior to hip bones; ‘dry’ legs; ‘smooth’ legs. 4 - Fat Ribs well covered; spinous process not visible; hip bones very rounded; pelvis covered by fat; hanging belly. 5 - Obese Ribs buried; deep ‘gutter’ where spinous process should be; ‘gutter’ extends to root of tail; pelvis buried with no definition; skin distended; eyes hardly visibly; heavy trunk; round head.
6.5 Appendix 5: Staff training 1 A good method of training is to have a system which categorises handlers into trainee and qualified. There would be two or more levels within the trainee category and similarly within the qualified category. There should be a Elephant Management Training programme with an evaluation system for each level. The evaluation would have both theoretical and practical elements. Keepers would not have any direct handling or training of animals until they had passed trainee level one, and must be supervised by fully qualified staff at all times. A suggested programme outline is given below. Trainee Level 1: entry level for new staff. Duties include cleaning and other related elephant care duties, familiarization with enclosure workings, door movements etc. They must become familiar with all elephant protocols. Trainees have contact with elephants only with the permission from, and in the presence of two qualified elephant handlers. Such permission will depend on the assessed suitability and capability. Trainee Level 2: Duties may include care contact with elephants, such as feeding watering and bathing, protected contact training and observing basic foot care etc. They trainee learns the commands and hook points used by handlers. Can begin giving commands. Qualified Level 1: a level 3 trainee must have two qualified elephant handlers present until they demonstrate that they are proficient with the basic behaviours of individual animals. They must also demonstrate a satisfactory level of competence in assessing and making judgement relating to health and safety risks. Duties include manipulation of elephants in free and protected contact within the zoo’s protocol. Qualified Level 2: this level involves the keeper being taken through all aspects of animal management and assessed as having demonstrated a high all round performance in his duties and having acquired the necessary knowledge base. Are able to perform, all aspects of elephant management in the collection. Examples Staff training protocol from Whipsnade Wild Animal Park: All new members of staff to the Elephant section are given a six months working timetable. This timetable sets out a list of goals that need to be achieved. At the end of each month, the keeper in charge will discuss with the trainee his or her progress. Any comments will be noted and signed by both parties. New keepers will also be shown the safety guidelines pertaining to working on the Elephant section. If the keeper is new to the Park they will also be shown the WWAP health and safety manual. 1 This section has been updated after taking advice from H&S personnel. 179
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Managment Guidelines for the Welfar
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MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR THE WELFA
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Table of Contents Management Guidel
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SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Pur
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5. Elephants are large and intellig
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Section 2: BIOLOGY AND FIELD DATA A
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The woolly mammoth (M. primigenius)
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jaw but no more than two teeth are
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Features of the elephant’s reprod
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Fig. 2. Map showing current and for
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Table IV. AFRICAN ELEPHANT NUMBERS
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populations using this method; the
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obtained from the wildlife resource
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and bots. For a comprehensive list
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condition and increase the likeliho
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animals in Sri Lanka as well as dir
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COMMUNICATION Elephants, being larg
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Section 3: MANAGEMENT IN CAPTIVITY
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to North America in 1796 and the fi
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and a lack of foraging opportunitie
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protected contact until a full revi
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enrichment and access to food (see
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Adequate food storage areas MUST be
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Fig 7a. Example of a good outside a
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Most facilities in the British Isle
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Table V. SUMMARY OF DIET COMPOSITIO
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prevent obesity and associated heal
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than the average zinc content of th
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RECOMMENDATIONS Based on (Ullrey et
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Stereotypies may be a mechanism whe
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� Control/predictability. Ideally
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Fig. 8b A waterfall in an enriched
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institutions MUST exchange keepers
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Reproductive Biology Department at
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eadily available and the results ta
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• Ultrasound examination and iden
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within an individual, thus a partic
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130 kg, the last having a survival
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The goal should be to give cows exp
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i r t h s 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Fig. 1
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Mason report are never used. Method
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incidents as appropriate. To facili
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einforcer. Classical conditioning t
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process. More than one handler may
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1 Must added • An opportunity to
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c MANAGEMENT d Fig. 11. Elephants i
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or operant conditioning. Only posit
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• In FC positive and negative rei
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the ERD, it should be used daily an
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Training captive born elephants Whe
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processed, written out and implemen
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There are some acceptable justifica
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3.12 Standard Operating Procedure:
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Fig. 13. Three sizes of ankus, show
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Storage: when not carried by an aut
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• Current equipment should be ass
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Firearms When elephants are being m
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• Alpha-2-agonists � Xylazine i
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Pre-shipment Screening Prior to tra
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observation for an hour after vacci
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Clostridial enterotoxaemia, see und
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measure of improvement in early cas
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metritis have all been described (M
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Fractures and longitudinal splits.
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Page 131 and 132: After 1 the publication of the firs
Page 133 and 134: Some of the more unfortunate events
Page 135 and 136: � Is a further SOP required? �
Page 137 and 138: Broughton of HSE and Robert Landrid
Page 139 and 140: Barina, A., Reidl, M., Schmid, L.,
Page 141 and 142: Carlstead, K. & Kleiman, D. 1998. B
Page 143 and 144: Dineley, J. 1984. Operant condition
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Page 149 and 150: Khyne U Mar 2001. The studbook of t
Page 151 and 152: Leong, K.M., Burks, K., Rizkalla, C
Page 153 and 154: Moss, C. & Poole, J.H. 1983. Relati
Page 155 and 156: Olson, D. & Wiese, R.J. 2000. State
Page 157 and 158: Rasmussen, L.E. & Schulte, B.A. 199
Page 159 and 160: Schmid, J. 1995. Keeping circus ele
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Page 163 and 164: Wallace, C., Ingram, K. & Dierenfel
Page 165 and 166: Section 6: Appendices 6.1 Appendix
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Page 169 and 170: 6.1.2 Appendix 1.1: Calf Training 1
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Page 175 and 176: 6.2 Appendix 2: Correct Application
Page 177 and 178: 6.3 Appendix 3: Risk Assessments 1
Page 179: 6.4 Appendix 4: Elephant Profiles 6
Page 183 and 184: March 2003 Example from Woburn Safa
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Page 187 and 188: 6.6.2 Table of results of nutrition
Page 189 and 190: 6.6.3 Table List of plant species u
Page 191 and 192: Vitamin E conversion factors Vitami
Page 193 and 194: Table 2. Doses for individual suppl
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Page 203 and 204: Three calves out of 17 live births
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Page 207 and 208: ELEPHANT TAG SURVEY (Please continu
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Page 211 and 212: etc? 8 How often has general anaest
Page 213 and 214: FEMALE ELEPHANT Please photocopy as
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Page 217 and 218: ody weight of dams, the age at whic
Page 219: Intra-specific aggression: incidenc
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Elephants Elephants - Wildpro - Twycross Zoo

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