Elephants Elephants - Wildpro - Twycross Zoo

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176 • Risk to keepers handling elephants in this situation • The age, stature and ability of the public involved. Particular attention should be paid to physical and learning disabilities Example: Health and Safety training for Elephant Keepers Training required Animals Date training undertaken General approached to animals e.g. quiet, safe distance, accompanied Awareness of behavioural changes & greater risk of injury e.g. breeding, injury Awareness of zoonoses and appropriate hygiene protocols Safe handling techniques e.g. lifting (see manual) Handling of everyday tools Handling of substances hazardous to health Awareness of protective equip. /clothing & purpose/regulations Correct procedure for opening and closing gates/housing doors Fence checks Electric fencing training Feeding protocols Loading/transportation protocols Darting protocols Four wheel drive and vehicle maintenance Use of tractor and trailer Correct use of radio including emergency procedures Animal escape protocol Car overheat procedures Elephant handling and training Elephant walks Elephant washes Offsite visits Employee signature Line manager signature
6.4 Appendix 4: Elephant Profiles 6.4.1 Example is from Blackpool Zoo. Information on the relationship of elephant to individual handlers, especially differences, should also be included in the profile. It is advisable to back up the profiles with some observational behaviour projects carried out by trained individuals. Scientific name: Elephas maximus Common Name: Asian elephant House name: Marcella ARKS number: M99076 Chip number: 221E3F0C38 Acq. Date: 26/10/99 Birth date: 1972 Birth place: Unknown Sex: Female Weight: 3500 kg Transaction History Date Type From To 26/10/99 Loan Berlin circus, Union Medical Problems: Foot problems: Front left and right toes Blackpool Skin Condition: Good overall but work needs to be done on head, back and legs. Physical Condition: Good Socialization, Temperament and Behaviour History: Socialisation: mixes well with all elephants. Temperament: good, occasionally has shown mild aggression towards Indra. Has shown no aggression towards keepers. Behaviour: Sways when chained and prior to feeding times, this behaviour has reduced. Hopefully reduction of this behaviour will continue. Voice and Ankus Commands: Voice Commands: Responds well to all commands given 25+. Ankus use: The ankus is used when needed to reinforce verbal commands using the recognised cueing points. Chaining: Elephants are chained daily as part of their routine. For bathing, training and footcare. Elephants will not be chained for any longer than BIAZA guidelines. Elephant conditioned for: Displays Y Yes No In training 177
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Managment Guidelines for the Welfar
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MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR THE WELFA
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Table of Contents Management Guidel
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SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Pur
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5. Elephants are large and intellig
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Section 2: BIOLOGY AND FIELD DATA A
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The woolly mammoth (M. primigenius)
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jaw but no more than two teeth are
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Features of the elephant’s reprod
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Fig. 2. Map showing current and for
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Table IV. AFRICAN ELEPHANT NUMBERS
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populations using this method; the
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obtained from the wildlife resource
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and bots. For a comprehensive list
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condition and increase the likeliho
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animals in Sri Lanka as well as dir
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COMMUNICATION Elephants, being larg
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Section 3: MANAGEMENT IN CAPTIVITY
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to North America in 1796 and the fi
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and a lack of foraging opportunitie
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protected contact until a full revi
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enrichment and access to food (see
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Adequate food storage areas MUST be
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Fig 7a. Example of a good outside a
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Most facilities in the British Isle
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Table V. SUMMARY OF DIET COMPOSITIO
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prevent obesity and associated heal
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than the average zinc content of th
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RECOMMENDATIONS Based on (Ullrey et
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Stereotypies may be a mechanism whe
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� Control/predictability. Ideally
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Fig. 8b A waterfall in an enriched
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institutions MUST exchange keepers
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Reproductive Biology Department at
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eadily available and the results ta
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• Ultrasound examination and iden
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within an individual, thus a partic
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130 kg, the last having a survival
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The goal should be to give cows exp
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i r t h s 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Fig. 1
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Mason report are never used. Method
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incidents as appropriate. To facili
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einforcer. Classical conditioning t
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process. More than one handler may
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1 Must added • An opportunity to
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c MANAGEMENT d Fig. 11. Elephants i
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or operant conditioning. Only posit
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• In FC positive and negative rei
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the ERD, it should be used daily an
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Training captive born elephants Whe
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processed, written out and implemen
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There are some acceptable justifica
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3.12 Standard Operating Procedure:
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Fig. 13. Three sizes of ankus, show
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Storage: when not carried by an aut
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• Current equipment should be ass
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Firearms When elephants are being m
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• Alpha-2-agonists � Xylazine i
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Pre-shipment Screening Prior to tra
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observation for an hour after vacci
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Clostridial enterotoxaemia, see und
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measure of improvement in early cas
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metritis have all been described (M
Page 127 and 128: Fractures and longitudinal splits.
Page 129 and 130: management in zoos, their conservat
Page 131 and 132: After 1 the publication of the firs
Page 133 and 134: Some of the more unfortunate events
Page 135 and 136: � Is a further SOP required? �
Page 137 and 138: Broughton of HSE and Robert Landrid
Page 139 and 140: Barina, A., Reidl, M., Schmid, L.,
Page 141 and 142: Carlstead, K. & Kleiman, D. 1998. B
Page 143 and 144: Dineley, J. 1984. Operant condition
Page 145 and 146: Fraser, D., Phillips, P.A. & Thomps
Page 147 and 148: Hildebrandt, T., Göritz, F., Schno
Page 149 and 150: Khyne U Mar 2001. The studbook of t
Page 151 and 152: Leong, K.M., Burks, K., Rizkalla, C
Page 153 and 154: Moss, C. & Poole, J.H. 1983. Relati
Page 155 and 156: Olson, D. & Wiese, R.J. 2000. State
Page 157 and 158: Rasmussen, L.E. & Schulte, B.A. 199
Page 159 and 160: Schmid, J. 1995. Keeping circus ele
Page 161 and 162: Stewart, D.R., Stabenfeldt, G.H. &
Page 163 and 164: Wallace, C., Ingram, K. & Dierenfel
Page 165 and 166: Section 6: Appendices 6.1 Appendix
Page 167 and 168: Trunk (up) - curl trunk up to touch
Page 169 and 170: 6.1.2 Appendix 1.1: Calf Training 1
Page 171 and 172: this time be used to the sight and
Page 173 and 174: These commands allow routine good h
Page 175 and 176: 6.2 Appendix 2: Correct Application
Page 177: 6.3 Appendix 3: Risk Assessments 1
Page 181 and 182: 6.5 Appendix 5: Staff training 1 A
Page 183 and 184: March 2003 Example from Woburn Safa
Page 185 and 186: (a.) Please indicate (tick) the typ
Page 187 and 188: 6.6.2 Table of results of nutrition
Page 189 and 190: 6.6.3 Table List of plant species u
Page 191 and 192: Vitamin E conversion factors Vitami
Page 193 and 194: Table 2. Doses for individual suppl
Page 195 and 196: uilding a new enclosure that will b
Page 197 and 198: exception of one female Asian that
Page 199 and 200: non-Fed members) that do not operat
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Page 203 and 204: Three calves out of 17 live births
Page 205 and 206: Females - Only one collection that
Page 207 and 208: ELEPHANT TAG SURVEY (Please continu
Page 209 and 210: 23 Are enrichments assessed in any
Page 211 and 212: etc? 8 How often has general anaest
Page 213 and 214: FEMALE ELEPHANT Please photocopy as
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Page 217 and 218: ody weight of dams, the age at whic
Page 219: Intra-specific aggression: incidenc
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