Mirror-touch synaesthesia: the role of shared ... - UCL Discovery

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116 Chapter 6 Figure 6.1 The sequences of events for a transcranial magnetic stimulation pulse (taken with permission from Walsh and Cowey, 2000). (a) A capacitor generates an electric current (up to 8kA). (b) This discharges into the TMS coil generating a magnetic pulse of up to 2 T. (c) The pulse has a rise time of roughly 200ms and lasts for 1ms, which changes rapidly due to its intense and brief nature. (d) The magnetic field generates an electrical field. (e) The magnetic field causes neural activity or changes in the resting potential of the underlying neurons. Note that monophasic pulses are shown in the figure (but biphasic pulses are used for repetitive TMS).
117 Chapter 6 Figure 6.2 The effects of fibre orientation and electric field orientation for the application of a TMS pulse. Figure 6.3 TMS-induced electrical fields produced by circular (top left) and figure-ofeight (top right) shaped coils. Maximal intensity with a circular coil is located directly under the winding, but with a figure-of-eight coil it is at the intersection of the two windings. The intensity of the induced current dissipates with a radial distance from the area of maximum intensity (diagram taken from the Magstim Guide to Magnetic Stimulation).
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1 Title of PhD Thesis: Mirror-touch
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3 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure
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5 ABSTRACT Synaesthesia is a condit
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7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would
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9 Chapter 1 aroused some interest,
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11 Chapter 1 can skip generations (
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13 Chapter 1 to incongruent conditi
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15 Chapter 1 word/grapheme-colour s
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17 Chapter 1 the outside world (com
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19 Chapter 1 interacts with process
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21 Chapter 1 experience is due to a
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23 1.4.1 Synaesthesia involving tac
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25 Chapter 1 synaesthesia reported
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27 Chapter 1 if tactile stimulation
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29 Chapter 1 and colleagues (2005)
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31 Chapter 1 facial cheeks or hands
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33 1.5 Synaesthesia and models of t
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35 Chapter 1 the tactile mirror sys
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37 Chapter 2 over inflated female t
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39 Chapter 2 another person (or pos
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41 Chapter 2 Participants were aske
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43 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 (a) Summary
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45 Chapter 2 previously reported ca
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47 Chapter 2 the previously assumed
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Chapter 2 49 a. b. * 30 * * 1150 25
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51 Chapter 2 observing touch to the
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53 Results and Discussion Chapter 2
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55 Chapter 2 good evidence for a vi
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57 Chapter 2 via the dorsal stream
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59 Chapter 2 synaesthetes, touch to
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61 Chapter 2 This distinction is si
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63 CHAPTER 3: SENSORY PROCESSING IN
Page 65 and 66: 65 Chapter 3 there is good evidence
Page 67 and 68: 67 Chapter 3 Two coloured caps rema
Page 69 and 70: 69 Chapter 3 colour perception task
Page 71 and 72: 71 Chapter 3 p = trials correct / n
Page 73 and 74: 73 Chapter 3 discrimination of colo
Page 75 and 76: 75 Chapter 3 Leone, 2002) - further
Page 77 and 78: 77 Chapter 3 (e.g. Cohen Kadosh et
Page 79 and 80: 79 Chapter 4 Recent research has su
Page 81 and 82: 81 Chapter 4 study. All cases of mi
Page 83 and 84: 83 Chapter 4 that empathy is multi-
Page 85 and 86: 85 Chapter 4 Hlushchuk, Williams, S
Page 87 and 88: 87 Chapter 4 The BFI is a 44-item s
Page 89 and 90: 89 IRI Score 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 1
Page 91 and 92: 91 Chapter 4 extraversion [n = 120,
Page 93 and 94: 93 Chapter 4 experience by contacti
Page 95 and 96: 95 CHAPTER 5: FACIAL EXPRESSION REC
Page 97 and 98: 97 Chapter 5 others (the mirror-tou
Page 99 and 100: 99 Chapter 5 actors. Target and dis
Page 101 and 102: 101 Chapter 5 effect for face perce
Page 103 and 104: 103 5.3 Results Films Facial Expres
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 5 105 75 b 85 a Synaesthete
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 5 107 80 b 45 a Synaesthete
Page 109 and 110: 109 Same-Different Expression and I
Page 111 and 112: 111 Chapter 5 heightened emotion se
Page 113 and 114: 113 Chapter 6 There are also import
Page 115: 115 Chapter 6 overall duration of r
Page 119 and 120: 119 Chapter 6 is infinite (with the
Page 121 and 122: 121 Chapter 6 Figure 6.5 Functional
Page 123 and 124: 123 Chapter 6 Huang et al., 2009; S
Page 125 and 126: 125 Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7: THE ROLE O
Page 127 and 128: 127 Chapter 7 right hemisphere soma
Page 129 and 130: 129 Chapter 7 University College Lo
Page 131 and 132: 131 Chapter 7 Figure 7.1 Summary of
Page 133 and 134: 133 Chapter 7 Figure 7.2 Summary of
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 7 135 Identity Discriminati
Page 137 and 138: 137 Chapter 7 2000; Pitcher et al.,
Page 139 and 140: 139 Chapter 7 Eimer, in press). The
Page 141 and 142: 141 Chapter 8 subliminal exposure t
Page 143 and 144: 143 Chapter 8 necessary for all or
Page 145 and 146: 145 Chapter 8 stimulated: rSI, rIFG
Page 147 and 148: 147 TMS Protocol and Site Localisat
Page 149 and 150: 149 Baseline minus cTBS RT (msec) 2
Page 151 and 152: 151 Chapter 8 recognition, but not
Page 153 and 154: 153 Chapter 8 The findings that cTB
Page 155 and 156: 155 CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSIONS Chapter
Page 157 and 158: 157 Chapter 9 the mirror-touch syna
Page 159 and 160: 159 Chapter 9 Ramachandran, 2005; R
Page 161 and 162: 161 Chapter 9 close proximity to th
Page 163 and 164: 163 Chapter 9 for the specular-anat
Page 165 and 166: 165 Chapter 9 non-synaesthetes, lin
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167 Chapter 9 cortical inhibition (
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169 Chapter 9 which underpin it). I
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171 Chapter 9 separate from a ‘sp
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173 Chapter 9 system (Rizzolatti an
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175 REFERENCES References Adolphs,
Page 177 and 178:
177 References Avenanti, A., Bueti,
Page 179 and 180:
179 References Batson, C. D. (1991)
Page 181 and 182:
181 Bryant, G., and Barrett, H. C.
Page 183 and 184:
183 References Coslett, B. (1998).
Page 185 and 186:
185 References Donner, T. H., Kette
Page 187 and 188:
187 References Fink, G. R., Markowi
Page 189 and 190:
189 Grossenbacher, P.G., and Lovela
Page 191 and 192:
191 References Iriki, A., Tanaka, M
Page 193 and 194:
193 References Kipps, C. M., Duggin
Page 195 and 196:
195 References Marks, L. E. (1975).
Page 197 and 198:
197 References Oberman, L. M., Hubb
Page 199 and 200:
199 References Pitcher, D., Walsh,
Page 201 and 202:
201 References Russell, R., Duchain
Page 203 and 204:
203 References Seron, X., Pesenti,
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205 Spiller, M. J., and Jansari, A.
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207 Treisman, A. (2004). In: L. Rob
Page 209 and 210:
209 Walsh, V., and Pascual-Leone, A
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211 Wildgruber, D., Riecker, A., He
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213 Appendix (4) Do you experience
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