Mirror-touch synaesthesia: the role of shared ... - UCL Discovery

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68 Chapter 3 design (20 trials per block; Van Boven and Johnsen, 1994) each probe was applied manually to the participant’s right index finger tip in one of two different orientations (across or along the axis of the finger tip). Manual application was chosen because performance in spatial resolution is generally insensitive to the force of application (Johnsen and Philips, 1981) and the receptive fields of the afferent population involved in grating orientation detection are relatively independent of skin indentation (Vega-Bermudez and Johnsen, 1999). Participants were asked to indicate the orientation of each probe by giving a verbal response (i.e. “across” or “along”). In total participants completed 20 trials per probe (120 trials in total) which were randomised across blocks. For each probe half of the trials were orientated across the finger tip and the remainder were applied along the finger tip. Participants were blindfolded during the task to prevent any visual cues to orientation. Prior to threshold measurement, participants completed two practice blocks, using 2mm and 3mm gratings, in which feedback was given on participants’ responses. No feedback was given on trials involved in threshold detection. 3.3 Results Farnsworth-Munsell Colour Hue Test The results from the Farnsworth-Munsell Colour Hue Test are shown in figure 3.1. The test is measured according to a total error score (TES) based on the deviation from the expected ordering (it is not a percentage error). Superior performance is reflected by a lower TES. To investigate if the presence of synaesthesia for colour or touch was linked with superior performance, a 2 (presence/absence of colour synaesthesia) x 2 (presence/absence of touch synaesthesia) ANOVA was conducted. It was predicted that synaesthetes who experience colour would show superior performance on the
69 Chapter 3 colour perception task compared to those who do not. This was found to be the case, a significant main effect of Colour Group was found [F(1,38) = 4.61, p =
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1 Title of PhD Thesis: Mirror-touch
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3 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure
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5 ABSTRACT Synaesthesia is a condit
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7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would
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9 Chapter 1 aroused some interest,
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11 Chapter 1 can skip generations (
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13 Chapter 1 to incongruent conditi
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15 Chapter 1 word/grapheme-colour s
Page 17 and 18: 17 Chapter 1 the outside world (com
Page 19 and 20: 19 Chapter 1 interacts with process
Page 21 and 22: 21 Chapter 1 experience is due to a
Page 23 and 24: 23 1.4.1 Synaesthesia involving tac
Page 25 and 26: 25 Chapter 1 synaesthesia reported
Page 27 and 28: 27 Chapter 1 if tactile stimulation
Page 29 and 30: 29 Chapter 1 and colleagues (2005)
Page 31 and 32: 31 Chapter 1 facial cheeks or hands
Page 33 and 34: 33 1.5 Synaesthesia and models of t
Page 35 and 36: 35 Chapter 1 the tactile mirror sys
Page 37 and 38: 37 Chapter 2 over inflated female t
Page 39 and 40: 39 Chapter 2 another person (or pos
Page 41 and 42: 41 Chapter 2 Participants were aske
Page 43 and 44: 43 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 (a) Summary
Page 45 and 46: 45 Chapter 2 previously reported ca
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Page 53 and 54: 53 Results and Discussion Chapter 2
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Page 57 and 58: 57 Chapter 2 via the dorsal stream
Page 59 and 60: 59 Chapter 2 synaesthetes, touch to
Page 61 and 62: 61 Chapter 2 This distinction is si
Page 63 and 64: 63 CHAPTER 3: SENSORY PROCESSING IN
Page 65 and 66: 65 Chapter 3 there is good evidence
Page 67: 67 Chapter 3 Two coloured caps rema
Page 71 and 72: 71 Chapter 3 p = trials correct / n
Page 73 and 74: 73 Chapter 3 discrimination of colo
Page 75 and 76: 75 Chapter 3 Leone, 2002) - further
Page 77 and 78: 77 Chapter 3 (e.g. Cohen Kadosh et
Page 79 and 80: 79 Chapter 4 Recent research has su
Page 81 and 82: 81 Chapter 4 study. All cases of mi
Page 83 and 84: 83 Chapter 4 that empathy is multi-
Page 85 and 86: 85 Chapter 4 Hlushchuk, Williams, S
Page 87 and 88: 87 Chapter 4 The BFI is a 44-item s
Page 89 and 90: 89 IRI Score 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 1
Page 91 and 92: 91 Chapter 4 extraversion [n = 120,
Page 93 and 94: 93 Chapter 4 experience by contacti
Page 95 and 96: 95 CHAPTER 5: FACIAL EXPRESSION REC
Page 97 and 98: 97 Chapter 5 others (the mirror-tou
Page 99 and 100: 99 Chapter 5 actors. Target and dis
Page 101 and 102: 101 Chapter 5 effect for face perce
Page 103 and 104: 103 5.3 Results Films Facial Expres
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Page 107 and 108: Chapter 5 107 80 b 45 a Synaesthete
Page 109 and 110: 109 Same-Different Expression and I
Page 111 and 112: 111 Chapter 5 heightened emotion se
Page 113 and 114: 113 Chapter 6 There are also import
Page 115 and 116: 115 Chapter 6 overall duration of r
Page 117 and 118: 117 Chapter 6 Figure 6.2 The effect
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119 Chapter 6 is infinite (with the
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121 Chapter 6 Figure 6.5 Functional
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123 Chapter 6 Huang et al., 2009; S
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125 Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7: THE ROLE O
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127 Chapter 7 right hemisphere soma
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129 Chapter 7 University College Lo
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131 Chapter 7 Figure 7.1 Summary of
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133 Chapter 7 Figure 7.2 Summary of
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Chapter 7 135 Identity Discriminati
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137 Chapter 7 2000; Pitcher et al.,
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139 Chapter 7 Eimer, in press). The
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141 Chapter 8 subliminal exposure t
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143 Chapter 8 necessary for all or
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145 Chapter 8 stimulated: rSI, rIFG
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147 TMS Protocol and Site Localisat
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149 Baseline minus cTBS RT (msec) 2
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151 Chapter 8 recognition, but not
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153 Chapter 8 The findings that cTB
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155 CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSIONS Chapter
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157 Chapter 9 the mirror-touch syna
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159 Chapter 9 Ramachandran, 2005; R
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161 Chapter 9 close proximity to th
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163 Chapter 9 for the specular-anat
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165 Chapter 9 non-synaesthetes, lin
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167 Chapter 9 cortical inhibition (
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169 Chapter 9 which underpin it). I
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171 Chapter 9 separate from a ‘sp
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173 Chapter 9 system (Rizzolatti an
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175 REFERENCES References Adolphs,
Page 177 and 178:
177 References Avenanti, A., Bueti,
Page 179 and 180:
179 References Batson, C. D. (1991)
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181 Bryant, G., and Barrett, H. C.
Page 183 and 184:
183 References Coslett, B. (1998).
Page 185 and 186:
185 References Donner, T. H., Kette
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187 References Fink, G. R., Markowi
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189 Grossenbacher, P.G., and Lovela
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191 References Iriki, A., Tanaka, M
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193 References Kipps, C. M., Duggin
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195 References Marks, L. E. (1975).
Page 197 and 198:
197 References Oberman, L. M., Hubb
Page 199 and 200:
199 References Pitcher, D., Walsh,
Page 201 and 202:
201 References Russell, R., Duchain
Page 203 and 204:
203 References Seron, X., Pesenti,
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205 Spiller, M. J., and Jansari, A.
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207 Treisman, A. (2004). In: L. Rob
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209 Walsh, V., and Pascual-Leone, A
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211 Wildgruber, D., Riecker, A., He
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213 Appendix (4) Do you experience
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