202 References Schiltz, K., Trocha, K., Wieringa, B. M., Emirch, H. M., Johannes, S., and Münte, T. F. (1999). Neurophysiological aspecrs <strong>of</strong> synes<strong>the</strong>tic experience. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci., 11, 58-65. Sch<strong>of</strong>ield, W. N. (1976). Do children find movements which cross <strong>the</strong> body midline difficult? Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 28, 571-582. Schröder, M. (2003). Experimental study <strong>of</strong> affect bursts. Speech communication, 40, 99-116. Schulte-Rü<strong>the</strong>r, M., Markowitsch, H. J., Fink, G. R., and Piefke, M. (2008). Miror neuron and <strong>the</strong>ory <strong>of</strong> mind mechanisms involed in face-to-face interactions: A functional magnetic resonance imaging approach to empathy. Journal <strong>of</strong> Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, 1354-1372. Scott, S. K., Sauter, D. A., and McGettigan, C. (In press). Brain mechanisms for processing perceived emotional vocalizations in humans. To appear in Handbook <strong>of</strong> Mammalian Vocalizations: A Neuroscience Approach, S Brudzynski ed. (Elsevier). Scott, S. K., Young, A. W., Calder, A. J., Hellawell, D. J., Aggleton, J. P., and Johnsen, M. (1997). Impaired auditory recognition <strong>of</strong> fear and anger following bilateral amygdala lesions. Nature, 385, 254-257. Seitz, R. J., Schäfer, R., Scherfield, D., Friederichs, S., Popp, K., Wittsack, H. J., et al. (2008). Valuating o<strong>the</strong>r people’s emotional face expression: A combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography study. Neuroscience, 152, 713-722. Serino, A., Pizz<strong>of</strong>errato, F., and Làdavas, E. (2008). Viewing a face (especially one’s own face) being <strong>touch</strong>ed enhances tactile perception on <strong>the</strong> face. Psychological Science, 19, 434-438.
203 References Seron, X., Pesenti, M., Nöel, M. P., Deloche, G., and Cornet, J. A. (1992). Images <strong>of</strong> numbers, or ‘When 98 is upper left and 6 is sky blue”. Cognition, 44, 159- 196. Shallice, T. (1988). The neuropsychology <strong>of</strong> mental structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Aharon-Peretz, J., and Perry, D. (2009). Two systems for empathy: A double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions. Brain, 132, 617- 627. Shaw, P., Greenstein, D., Lerch, J., Clasen, L., Lenroot, R., Gogtay, N., et al. (2006). Intellectual ability and cortical development in children and adolescents. Nature, 440, 676-679. Siebner HR, Willoch F, Peller M, Auer C, Boecker H, Conrad B, and Bartenstein P. 1998). Imaging brain activation induced by long trains <strong>of</strong> repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. NeuroReport, 9, 943-948. Simner, J. (2007). Beyond perception: Synaes<strong>the</strong>sia as a psycholingustic phenomenon. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 23-29. Simner, J., and Holenstein, E. (2007). Ordinal linguistic personification as a variant <strong>of</strong> <strong>synaes<strong>the</strong>sia</strong>. Journal <strong>of</strong> Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, 694-703. Simner, J., Mulvenna, C., Sagiv, N., Tsakanikos, E., Wi<strong>the</strong>rby, S., Fraser, C., Scott, K., and Ward, J. (2006). Synaes<strong>the</strong>sia: The prevalence <strong>of</strong> atypical cross-modal experiences. Perception, 35, 1024-1033. Simner, J., Ward, J., Lanz, M., Jansari, A., Noonan, K., Glover, L., and Oakley, D. (2005). Non-random associations <strong>of</strong> graphemes and colour in <strong>the</strong> synaes<strong>the</strong>tic and normal populations. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 22, 1069-1085.
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1 Title of PhD Thesis: Mirror-touch
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3 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure
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5 ABSTRACT Synaesthesia is a condit
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7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would
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9 Chapter 1 aroused some interest,
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25 Chapter 1 synaesthesia reported
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27 Chapter 1 if tactile stimulation
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29 Chapter 1 and colleagues (2005)
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31 Chapter 1 facial cheeks or hands
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33 1.5 Synaesthesia and models of t
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35 Chapter 1 the tactile mirror sys
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37 Chapter 2 over inflated female t
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39 Chapter 2 another person (or pos
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43 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 (a) Summary
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45 Chapter 2 previously reported ca
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47 Chapter 2 the previously assumed
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63 CHAPTER 3: SENSORY PROCESSING IN
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65 Chapter 3 there is good evidence
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67 Chapter 3 Two coloured caps rema
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69 Chapter 3 colour perception task
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71 Chapter 3 p = trials correct / n
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73 Chapter 3 discrimination of colo
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75 Chapter 3 Leone, 2002) - further
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77 Chapter 3 (e.g. Cohen Kadosh et
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79 Chapter 4 Recent research has su
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81 Chapter 4 study. All cases of mi
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83 Chapter 4 that empathy is multi-
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85 Chapter 4 Hlushchuk, Williams, S
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87 Chapter 4 The BFI is a 44-item s
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89 IRI Score 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 1
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91 Chapter 4 extraversion [n = 120,
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93 Chapter 4 experience by contacti
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95 CHAPTER 5: FACIAL EXPRESSION REC
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97 Chapter 5 others (the mirror-tou
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99 Chapter 5 actors. Target and dis
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101 Chapter 5 effect for face perce
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103 5.3 Results Films Facial Expres
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Chapter 5 107 80 b 45 a Synaesthete
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109 Same-Different Expression and I
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113 Chapter 6 There are also import
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115 Chapter 6 overall duration of r
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117 Chapter 6 Figure 6.2 The effect
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119 Chapter 6 is infinite (with the
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121 Chapter 6 Figure 6.5 Functional
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123 Chapter 6 Huang et al., 2009; S
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125 Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7: THE ROLE O
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127 Chapter 7 right hemisphere soma
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129 Chapter 7 University College Lo
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131 Chapter 7 Figure 7.1 Summary of
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133 Chapter 7 Figure 7.2 Summary of
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Chapter 7 135 Identity Discriminati
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137 Chapter 7 2000; Pitcher et al.,
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139 Chapter 7 Eimer, in press). The
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141 Chapter 8 subliminal exposure t
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143 Chapter 8 necessary for all or
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145 Chapter 8 stimulated: rSI, rIFG
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147 TMS Protocol and Site Localisat
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149 Baseline minus cTBS RT (msec) 2
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- Page 175 and 176: 175 REFERENCES References Adolphs,
- Page 177 and 178: 177 References Avenanti, A., Bueti,
- Page 179 and 180: 179 References Batson, C. D. (1991)
- Page 181 and 182: 181 Bryant, G., and Barrett, H. C.
- Page 183 and 184: 183 References Coslett, B. (1998).
- Page 185 and 186: 185 References Donner, T. H., Kette
- Page 187 and 188: 187 References Fink, G. R., Markowi
- Page 189 and 190: 189 Grossenbacher, P.G., and Lovela
- Page 191 and 192: 191 References Iriki, A., Tanaka, M
- Page 193 and 194: 193 References Kipps, C. M., Duggin
- Page 195 and 196: 195 References Marks, L. E. (1975).
- Page 197 and 198: 197 References Oberman, L. M., Hubb
- Page 199 and 200: 199 References Pitcher, D., Walsh,
- Page 201: 201 References Russell, R., Duchain
- Page 205 and 206: 205 Spiller, M. J., and Jansari, A.
- Page 207 and 208: 207 Treisman, A. (2004). In: L. Rob
- Page 209 and 210: 209 Walsh, V., and Pascual-Leone, A
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- Page 213 and 214: 213 Appendix (4) Do you experience