190 Holmes, A., Vuilleumier, P., and Eimer, M. (2003). The processing <strong>of</strong> emotional References facial expressions is gated by spatial attention: Evidence from event-related brain potentials. Cognitive Brain Research, 16, 174-184. Hong, S. W. and Blake, R. (2008). Early visual mechanisms do not contribute to synaes<strong>the</strong>tic colour experience. Vision Research, 48, 1018-1026. Howell, D. C. (2002). Statistical Methods for Psychology. Thomson Learning: USA. Huang, Y. Z., Edwards, M. J., Rounis, E., Bhatia, K. P., and Rothwell, J. C. (2005). Theta burst stimulation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> human motor cortex. Neuron, 45, 201-206. Huang, Y. Z., Rothwell, J. C., Lu, C. S., Wang, J., Weng, Y. H., Lai, S. C., et al. (2009). The effect <strong>of</strong> continuous <strong>the</strong>ta burst stimulation over premotor cortex on circuits in primary motor cortex and spinal cord. Clin Neurophysiol., 120, 796-801. Hubbard, E. M. (2007). A real red-letter day. Nat Neurosci, 10, 671-672. Hubbard, E. M., Arman, A. C., Ramachandran V. S., and Boynton, G. M. (2005). Individual differences among grapheme-color synes<strong>the</strong>tes: brain-behavior correlations. Neuron, 45, 975–985. Hubbard, E. M., Manohar, S., and Ramachandran, V. S. (2006). Contrast affects <strong>the</strong> strength <strong>of</strong> synes<strong>the</strong>tic colors. Cortex, 42, 184-194. Hubbard, E.M., and Ramachandran, V. S. (2003). Refining <strong>the</strong> experimental lever: A reply to Shannnon and Pribram. J Consciousness Stud, 9, 77-84. Hubbard, E.M., and Ramachandran, V. S. (2005). Neurocognitive mechanisms <strong>of</strong> <strong>synaes<strong>the</strong>sia</strong>. Neuron, 48, 509-520. Iacoboni, M., and Dapretto, M. (2006). The mirror neuron system and <strong>the</strong> consequences <strong>of</strong> its dysfunction. Nat Rev Neurosci, 7, 942-951.
191 References Iriki, A., Tanaka, M., and Iwamura, Y. (1996). Coding <strong>of</strong> modified body schema during tool use by macaque postcentral neurones. Neuroreport, 7, 2325-2330. Jabbi, M., Swart, M., and Keysers, C. (2007). Empathy for positive and negative emotions in <strong>the</strong> gustatory cortex. Neuroimage, 34, 1744-1753. Jäncke, L., Beeli, G., Eulig, C., and Hänggi, J. (2009). The neuroanatomy <strong>of</strong> grapheme-color syne<strong>the</strong>sia. Eur J Neurosci, 29, 1287-1293. Jewanski, J., Day, S. A., and Ward, J. (2009). A colourful albino: The first documented case <strong>of</strong> <strong>synaes<strong>the</strong>sia</strong>, by George Tobias Ludwig Sachs in 1812. Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> History <strong>of</strong> Neurosciences, 18, 1-11. John, O. P., Donahue, E. M., and Kentle, R. L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory – Versions 4a and 54. Berkeley: University <strong>of</strong> California, Berkeley, Institute <strong>of</strong> Personality and Social Research. John, O. P. and Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement and <strong>the</strong>oretical perspectives. In Handbook <strong>of</strong> personality: Theory and research (2 nd ed.), Edited by Pervin, L., and John, O. P. New York: Guilford. Johnson, R., Burton, P., and Ro, T. (2006). Visually induced feelings <strong>of</strong> <strong>touch</strong>. Brain Research, 1073-1074, 398-406. Johnsen, K. O., and Philips, J. R. (1981). Tactile spatial resolution. I. Two-point discrimination, gap detection, grating resolution, and letter recognition. Journal <strong>of</strong> Neurophysiology, 46, 1177-1191. Juan, C. H., and Walsh, V. (2003). Feedback to V1: A reverse hierarchy in vision. Exp Brain Res., 150, 259-263.
- Page 1 and 2:
1 Title of PhD Thesis: Mirror-touch
- Page 3 and 4:
3 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure
- Page 5 and 6:
5 ABSTRACT Synaesthesia is a condit
- Page 7 and 8:
7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would
- Page 9 and 10:
9 Chapter 1 aroused some interest,
- Page 11 and 12:
11 Chapter 1 can skip generations (
- Page 13 and 14:
13 Chapter 1 to incongruent conditi
- Page 15 and 16:
15 Chapter 1 word/grapheme-colour s
- Page 17 and 18:
17 Chapter 1 the outside world (com
- Page 19 and 20:
19 Chapter 1 interacts with process
- Page 21 and 22:
21 Chapter 1 experience is due to a
- Page 23 and 24:
23 1.4.1 Synaesthesia involving tac
- Page 25 and 26:
25 Chapter 1 synaesthesia reported
- Page 27 and 28:
27 Chapter 1 if tactile stimulation
- Page 29 and 30:
29 Chapter 1 and colleagues (2005)
- Page 31 and 32:
31 Chapter 1 facial cheeks or hands
- Page 33 and 34:
33 1.5 Synaesthesia and models of t
- Page 35 and 36:
35 Chapter 1 the tactile mirror sys
- Page 37 and 38:
37 Chapter 2 over inflated female t
- Page 39 and 40:
39 Chapter 2 another person (or pos
- Page 41 and 42:
41 Chapter 2 Participants were aske
- Page 43 and 44:
43 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 (a) Summary
- Page 45 and 46:
45 Chapter 2 previously reported ca
- Page 47 and 48:
47 Chapter 2 the previously assumed
- Page 49 and 50:
Chapter 2 49 a. b. * 30 * * 1150 25
- Page 51 and 52:
51 Chapter 2 observing touch to the
- Page 53 and 54:
53 Results and Discussion Chapter 2
- Page 55 and 56:
55 Chapter 2 good evidence for a vi
- Page 57 and 58:
57 Chapter 2 via the dorsal stream
- Page 59 and 60:
59 Chapter 2 synaesthetes, touch to
- Page 61 and 62:
61 Chapter 2 This distinction is si
- Page 63 and 64:
63 CHAPTER 3: SENSORY PROCESSING IN
- Page 65 and 66:
65 Chapter 3 there is good evidence
- Page 67 and 68:
67 Chapter 3 Two coloured caps rema
- Page 69 and 70:
69 Chapter 3 colour perception task
- Page 71 and 72:
71 Chapter 3 p = trials correct / n
- Page 73 and 74:
73 Chapter 3 discrimination of colo
- Page 75 and 76:
75 Chapter 3 Leone, 2002) - further
- Page 77 and 78:
77 Chapter 3 (e.g. Cohen Kadosh et
- Page 79 and 80:
79 Chapter 4 Recent research has su
- Page 81 and 82:
81 Chapter 4 study. All cases of mi
- Page 83 and 84:
83 Chapter 4 that empathy is multi-
- Page 85 and 86:
85 Chapter 4 Hlushchuk, Williams, S
- Page 87 and 88:
87 Chapter 4 The BFI is a 44-item s
- Page 89 and 90:
89 IRI Score 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 1
- Page 91 and 92:
91 Chapter 4 extraversion [n = 120,
- Page 93 and 94:
93 Chapter 4 experience by contacti
- Page 95 and 96:
95 CHAPTER 5: FACIAL EXPRESSION REC
- Page 97 and 98:
97 Chapter 5 others (the mirror-tou
- Page 99 and 100:
99 Chapter 5 actors. Target and dis
- Page 101 and 102:
101 Chapter 5 effect for face perce
- Page 103 and 104:
103 5.3 Results Films Facial Expres
- Page 105 and 106:
Chapter 5 105 75 b 85 a Synaesthete
- Page 107 and 108:
Chapter 5 107 80 b 45 a Synaesthete
- Page 109 and 110:
109 Same-Different Expression and I
- Page 111 and 112:
111 Chapter 5 heightened emotion se
- Page 113 and 114:
113 Chapter 6 There are also import
- Page 115 and 116:
115 Chapter 6 overall duration of r
- Page 117 and 118:
117 Chapter 6 Figure 6.2 The effect
- Page 119 and 120:
119 Chapter 6 is infinite (with the
- Page 121 and 122:
121 Chapter 6 Figure 6.5 Functional
- Page 123 and 124:
123 Chapter 6 Huang et al., 2009; S
- Page 125 and 126:
125 Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7: THE ROLE O
- Page 127 and 128:
127 Chapter 7 right hemisphere soma
- Page 129 and 130:
129 Chapter 7 University College Lo
- Page 131 and 132:
131 Chapter 7 Figure 7.1 Summary of
- Page 133 and 134:
133 Chapter 7 Figure 7.2 Summary of
- Page 135 and 136:
Chapter 7 135 Identity Discriminati
- Page 137 and 138:
137 Chapter 7 2000; Pitcher et al.,
- Page 139 and 140: 139 Chapter 7 Eimer, in press). The
- Page 141 and 142: 141 Chapter 8 subliminal exposure t
- Page 143 and 144: 143 Chapter 8 necessary for all or
- Page 145 and 146: 145 Chapter 8 stimulated: rSI, rIFG
- Page 147 and 148: 147 TMS Protocol and Site Localisat
- Page 149 and 150: 149 Baseline minus cTBS RT (msec) 2
- Page 151 and 152: 151 Chapter 8 recognition, but not
- Page 153 and 154: 153 Chapter 8 The findings that cTB
- Page 155 and 156: 155 CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSIONS Chapter
- Page 157 and 158: 157 Chapter 9 the mirror-touch syna
- Page 159 and 160: 159 Chapter 9 Ramachandran, 2005; R
- Page 161 and 162: 161 Chapter 9 close proximity to th
- Page 163 and 164: 163 Chapter 9 for the specular-anat
- Page 165 and 166: 165 Chapter 9 non-synaesthetes, lin
- Page 167 and 168: 167 Chapter 9 cortical inhibition (
- Page 169 and 170: 169 Chapter 9 which underpin it). I
- Page 171 and 172: 171 Chapter 9 separate from a ‘sp
- Page 173 and 174: 173 Chapter 9 system (Rizzolatti an
- Page 175 and 176: 175 REFERENCES References Adolphs,
- Page 177 and 178: 177 References Avenanti, A., Bueti,
- Page 179 and 180: 179 References Batson, C. D. (1991)
- Page 181 and 182: 181 Bryant, G., and Barrett, H. C.
- Page 183 and 184: 183 References Coslett, B. (1998).
- Page 185 and 186: 185 References Donner, T. H., Kette
- Page 187 and 188: 187 References Fink, G. R., Markowi
- Page 189: 189 Grossenbacher, P.G., and Lovela
- Page 193 and 194: 193 References Kipps, C. M., Duggin
- Page 195 and 196: 195 References Marks, L. E. (1975).
- Page 197 and 198: 197 References Oberman, L. M., Hubb
- Page 199 and 200: 199 References Pitcher, D., Walsh,
- Page 201 and 202: 201 References Russell, R., Duchain
- Page 203 and 204: 203 References Seron, X., Pesenti,
- Page 205 and 206: 205 Spiller, M. J., and Jansari, A.
- Page 207 and 208: 207 Treisman, A. (2004). In: L. Rob
- Page 209 and 210: 209 Walsh, V., and Pascual-Leone, A
- Page 211 and 212: 211 Wildgruber, D., Riecker, A., He
- Page 213 and 214: 213 Appendix (4) Do you experience