Mirror-touch synaesthesia: the role of shared ... - UCL Discovery

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70 Colour Sensitivity: Total Error Score 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Chapter 3 Figure 3.1 Synaesthetes who experience colour outperformed individuals who do not experience synaesthetic colour on a measure of colour perception (a). This pattern of performance was shown by synaesthetes who experience colour only relative to nonsynaesthetic controls and by synaesthetes who experience both colour and touch relative to non-synaesthetic controls, but not by synaesthetes who experience touch only relative to controls (b). Error scores are based on the deviation from the expected ordering of hues. Superior colour performance is indicated by a lower error score. * = p < .05. Gratings Orientation Test Figure 3.2 shows the average tactile discrimination thresholds for all subjects on the gratings orientation test. Enhanced tactile discrimination is reflected in a lower threshold value (in millimetres). Thresholds were calculated using the following formula and provide an estimate of the grating level which would lead to a 75% response level: Group g75 = glow + ((0.75 -plow)/(phigh - plow)) (ghigh - glow) g = grating spacing * Touch-Synaesthetes Dual-Synaesthetes Colour-Synaesthetes Non-synaesthetes
71 Chapter 3 p = trials correct / n n = number of trials high=the grating spacing on the lowest grating spacing on which the participant responded correctly better than 75% of the time. low=the grating spacing on the highest grating spacing on which the participant responded correctly less than 75% of the time. g75 =the interpolated grating spacing on which the subject would have scored 75% had it been present. A 2 (presence/absence of colour synaesthesia) x 2 (presence/absence of touch synaesthesia) ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of Touch Group (F(1,40) = 13.44, p =
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1 Title of PhD Thesis: Mirror-touch
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3 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure
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5 ABSTRACT Synaesthesia is a condit
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7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would
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9 Chapter 1 aroused some interest,
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11 Chapter 1 can skip generations (
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13 Chapter 1 to incongruent conditi
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15 Chapter 1 word/grapheme-colour s
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17 Chapter 1 the outside world (com
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Page 23 and 24: 23 1.4.1 Synaesthesia involving tac
Page 25 and 26: 25 Chapter 1 synaesthesia reported
Page 27 and 28: 27 Chapter 1 if tactile stimulation
Page 29 and 30: 29 Chapter 1 and colleagues (2005)
Page 31 and 32: 31 Chapter 1 facial cheeks or hands
Page 33 and 34: 33 1.5 Synaesthesia and models of t
Page 35 and 36: 35 Chapter 1 the tactile mirror sys
Page 37 and 38: 37 Chapter 2 over inflated female t
Page 39 and 40: 39 Chapter 2 another person (or pos
Page 41 and 42: 41 Chapter 2 Participants were aske
Page 43 and 44: 43 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 (a) Summary
Page 45 and 46: 45 Chapter 2 previously reported ca
Page 47 and 48: 47 Chapter 2 the previously assumed
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Page 51 and 52: 51 Chapter 2 observing touch to the
Page 53 and 54: 53 Results and Discussion Chapter 2
Page 55 and 56: 55 Chapter 2 good evidence for a vi
Page 57 and 58: 57 Chapter 2 via the dorsal stream
Page 59 and 60: 59 Chapter 2 synaesthetes, touch to
Page 61 and 62: 61 Chapter 2 This distinction is si
Page 63 and 64: 63 CHAPTER 3: SENSORY PROCESSING IN
Page 65 and 66: 65 Chapter 3 there is good evidence
Page 67 and 68: 67 Chapter 3 Two coloured caps rema
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Page 73 and 74: 73 Chapter 3 discrimination of colo
Page 75 and 76: 75 Chapter 3 Leone, 2002) - further
Page 77 and 78: 77 Chapter 3 (e.g. Cohen Kadosh et
Page 79 and 80: 79 Chapter 4 Recent research has su
Page 81 and 82: 81 Chapter 4 study. All cases of mi
Page 83 and 84: 83 Chapter 4 that empathy is multi-
Page 85 and 86: 85 Chapter 4 Hlushchuk, Williams, S
Page 87 and 88: 87 Chapter 4 The BFI is a 44-item s
Page 89 and 90: 89 IRI Score 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 1
Page 91 and 92: 91 Chapter 4 extraversion [n = 120,
Page 93 and 94: 93 Chapter 4 experience by contacti
Page 95 and 96: 95 CHAPTER 5: FACIAL EXPRESSION REC
Page 97 and 98: 97 Chapter 5 others (the mirror-tou
Page 99 and 100: 99 Chapter 5 actors. Target and dis
Page 101 and 102: 101 Chapter 5 effect for face perce
Page 103 and 104: 103 5.3 Results Films Facial Expres
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 5 105 75 b 85 a Synaesthete
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 5 107 80 b 45 a Synaesthete
Page 109 and 110: 109 Same-Different Expression and I
Page 111 and 112: 111 Chapter 5 heightened emotion se
Page 113 and 114: 113 Chapter 6 There are also import
Page 115 and 116: 115 Chapter 6 overall duration of r
Page 117 and 118: 117 Chapter 6 Figure 6.2 The effect
Page 119 and 120: 119 Chapter 6 is infinite (with the
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121 Chapter 6 Figure 6.5 Functional
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123 Chapter 6 Huang et al., 2009; S
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125 Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7: THE ROLE O
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127 Chapter 7 right hemisphere soma
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129 Chapter 7 University College Lo
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131 Chapter 7 Figure 7.1 Summary of
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133 Chapter 7 Figure 7.2 Summary of
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Chapter 7 135 Identity Discriminati
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137 Chapter 7 2000; Pitcher et al.,
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139 Chapter 7 Eimer, in press). The
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141 Chapter 8 subliminal exposure t
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143 Chapter 8 necessary for all or
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145 Chapter 8 stimulated: rSI, rIFG
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147 TMS Protocol and Site Localisat
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149 Baseline minus cTBS RT (msec) 2
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151 Chapter 8 recognition, but not
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153 Chapter 8 The findings that cTB
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155 CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSIONS Chapter
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157 Chapter 9 the mirror-touch syna
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159 Chapter 9 Ramachandran, 2005; R
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161 Chapter 9 close proximity to th
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163 Chapter 9 for the specular-anat
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165 Chapter 9 non-synaesthetes, lin
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167 Chapter 9 cortical inhibition (
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169 Chapter 9 which underpin it). I
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171 Chapter 9 separate from a ‘sp
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173 Chapter 9 system (Rizzolatti an
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175 REFERENCES References Adolphs,
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177 References Avenanti, A., Bueti,
Page 179 and 180:
179 References Batson, C. D. (1991)
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181 Bryant, G., and Barrett, H. C.
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183 References Coslett, B. (1998).
Page 185 and 186:
185 References Donner, T. H., Kette
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187 References Fink, G. R., Markowi
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189 Grossenbacher, P.G., and Lovela
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191 References Iriki, A., Tanaka, M
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193 References Kipps, C. M., Duggin
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195 References Marks, L. E. (1975).
Page 197 and 198:
197 References Oberman, L. M., Hubb
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199 References Pitcher, D., Walsh,
Page 201 and 202:
201 References Russell, R., Duchain
Page 203 and 204:
203 References Seron, X., Pesenti,
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205 Spiller, M. J., and Jansari, A.
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207 Treisman, A. (2004). In: L. Rob
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209 Walsh, V., and Pascual-Leone, A
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211 Wildgruber, D., Riecker, A., He
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213 Appendix (4) Do you experience
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