Mirror-touch synaesthesia: the role of shared ... - UCL Discovery

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154 Chapter 8 general expression recognition mechanism (Chapter 7; Adolphs et al., 2000; Pitcher et al., 2008). However, the evidence that rSI stimulation disproportionately affected happy and sad expressions but not disgust, indicates that while somatosensory cortex activity may be involved in the processing of a variety of facial expressions, in some cases (e.g. with disgust recognition) alternative facial expression recognition mechanisms (e.g. expression selective) may be sufficient to support facial expression recognition when rSI activity is suppressed.
155 CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSIONS Chapter 9 In this chapter, the empirical findings from chapters 2-5 and 7-8 of this thesis are discussed in a wider context. Chapters 2-5 addressed the prevalence, neurocognitive mechanisms, and consequences of mirror-touch synaesthesia for perception and social cognition. These findings are discussed in relation to previous research on synaesthesia and future studies on the neurocognitive mechanisms of mirror-touch synaesthesia are also described. Chapters 4 and 5 also used mirror-touch synaesthesia to inform us about the role of sensorimotor resources in social cognition. These findings were complemented by studies in chapters 7 and 8, which investigated the impact of suppressing sensorimotor representations on the expression recognition abilities of healthy adults. The findings from chapters 4, 5, 7 and 8 are discussed in the context of research on social cognition and sensorimotor accounts of social cognition. 9.1 Introduction As noted in the introduction to this thesis, synaesthesia is a condition in which one attribute of a stimulus (the inducer) triggers a conscious experience of another attribute (the concurrent) not typically associated with the inducer. For example, in grapheme-colour synaesthesia the letter ‘a’ may trigger synaesthetic experiences of colours. A large body of synaesthesia research has focussed on grapheme-colour synaesthesia, which is often reported as being one of the most common forms of the condition (Baron-Cohen, Burt, Smith-Lailtan, Harrison, and Bolton, 1996; Rich, Bradshaw, and Mattingley, 2005; Simner et al., 2006). More recently, a newly documented form of synaesthesia has been described in which individuals experience tactile sensations on their own body simply when observing touch to another’s body (mirror-touch synaesthesia; Banissy and Ward, 2007; Blakemore, Bristow, Bird, Frith, and Ward, 2005). The studies in the first five chapters of this thesis investigated the neurocognitive and perceptual profiles of mirror-touch synaesthesia. In addition, the role of sensorimotor simulation mechanisms in social cognition was examined by using principles of neuropsychology (in the case of mirror-touch synaesthesia) and
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1 Title of PhD Thesis: Mirror-touch
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3 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure
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5 ABSTRACT Synaesthesia is a condit
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7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would
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9 Chapter 1 aroused some interest,
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11 Chapter 1 can skip generations (
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13 Chapter 1 to incongruent conditi
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15 Chapter 1 word/grapheme-colour s
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17 Chapter 1 the outside world (com
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19 Chapter 1 interacts with process
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21 Chapter 1 experience is due to a
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23 1.4.1 Synaesthesia involving tac
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25 Chapter 1 synaesthesia reported
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27 Chapter 1 if tactile stimulation
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29 Chapter 1 and colleagues (2005)
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31 Chapter 1 facial cheeks or hands
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33 1.5 Synaesthesia and models of t
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35 Chapter 1 the tactile mirror sys
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37 Chapter 2 over inflated female t
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39 Chapter 2 another person (or pos
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41 Chapter 2 Participants were aske
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43 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 (a) Summary
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45 Chapter 2 previously reported ca
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47 Chapter 2 the previously assumed
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Chapter 2 49 a. b. * 30 * * 1150 25
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51 Chapter 2 observing touch to the
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53 Results and Discussion Chapter 2
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55 Chapter 2 good evidence for a vi
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57 Chapter 2 via the dorsal stream
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59 Chapter 2 synaesthetes, touch to
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61 Chapter 2 This distinction is si
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63 CHAPTER 3: SENSORY PROCESSING IN
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65 Chapter 3 there is good evidence
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67 Chapter 3 Two coloured caps rema
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69 Chapter 3 colour perception task
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71 Chapter 3 p = trials correct / n
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73 Chapter 3 discrimination of colo
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75 Chapter 3 Leone, 2002) - further
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77 Chapter 3 (e.g. Cohen Kadosh et
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79 Chapter 4 Recent research has su
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81 Chapter 4 study. All cases of mi
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83 Chapter 4 that empathy is multi-
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85 Chapter 4 Hlushchuk, Williams, S
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87 Chapter 4 The BFI is a 44-item s
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89 IRI Score 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 1
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91 Chapter 4 extraversion [n = 120,
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93 Chapter 4 experience by contacti
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95 CHAPTER 5: FACIAL EXPRESSION REC
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97 Chapter 5 others (the mirror-tou
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99 Chapter 5 actors. Target and dis
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101 Chapter 5 effect for face perce
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Page 125 and 126: 125 Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7: THE ROLE O
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Page 133 and 134: 133 Chapter 7 Figure 7.2 Summary of
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Page 139 and 140: 139 Chapter 7 Eimer, in press). The
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Page 145 and 146: 145 Chapter 8 stimulated: rSI, rIFG
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Page 151 and 152: 151 Chapter 8 recognition, but not
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Page 169 and 170: 169 Chapter 9 which underpin it). I
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Page 173 and 174: 173 Chapter 9 system (Rizzolatti an
Page 175 and 176: 175 REFERENCES References Adolphs,
Page 177 and 178: 177 References Avenanti, A., Bueti,
Page 179 and 180: 179 References Batson, C. D. (1991)
Page 181 and 182: 181 Bryant, G., and Barrett, H. C.
Page 183 and 184: 183 References Coslett, B. (1998).
Page 185 and 186: 185 References Donner, T. H., Kette
Page 187 and 188: 187 References Fink, G. R., Markowi
Page 189 and 190: 189 Grossenbacher, P.G., and Lovela
Page 191 and 192: 191 References Iriki, A., Tanaka, M
Page 193 and 194: 193 References Kipps, C. M., Duggin
Page 195 and 196: 195 References Marks, L. E. (1975).
Page 197 and 198: 197 References Oberman, L. M., Hubb
Page 199 and 200: 199 References Pitcher, D., Walsh,
Page 201 and 202: 201 References Russell, R., Duchain
Page 203 and 204: 203 References Seron, X., Pesenti,
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205 Spiller, M. J., and Jansari, A.
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207 Treisman, A. (2004). In: L. Rob
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209 Walsh, V., and Pascual-Leone, A
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211 Wildgruber, D., Riecker, A., He
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213 Appendix (4) Do you experience
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