A Self-Learning Manual - Institution of Engineers Mauritius

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A Self-Learning Manual Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q&A Method) Vincent T. H. CHU found to be more than 10 -2 . However, with the use of 75mm cover, the corrosion probability is about 10 -3 , which fulfills the Eurocode requirement. 11. What is the design level of landings in piers? Landings are designed as resting place for passengers during berthing and deberthing of vessels. In general, landings are provided near mean high and mean low water levels to facilitate embarking and disembarking of passengers (BS6349: Part 2: 1988). Therefore, the level of landing steps should be different from place to place because of different mean high and mean low water levels in different locations. 12. How does the direction of approaching velocities of ships affect berthing? One of the major effects of angle of approaching velocities of ships is its influence of the energy to be absorbed by the fender system. Consider several ships berth on the same pier at the same speed but with different angle of approach, though their kinetic energies are the same, the amount of energy absorbed by fender differs. The amount of energy absorbed by fender is [19]: 2 2 2 2 0. 5mv ( k + r cos Φ) W = 2 2 ( k + r ) where W= energy absorbed by the fender m= mass of the ship v=velocity of the ship k= radius of gyration of the ship r= distance of centre of gravity of the ship to the point of contact of the fender Φ=direction of velocity Hence, when the direction of approaching velocity of a ship is normal to the fender system (i.e. Φ=90 ), the amount of energy absorbed is smaller when compared with that of a ship whose velocity is tangential to the shoreline. 13. What is immersed tube method for underwater crossings? The immersed tube method for underwater crossing involves the following 196
A Self-Learning Manual Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q&A Method) Vincent T. H. CHU basic construction steps: (i) Prefabricating long tunnel units (steel shell or concrete) in a dry-dock or shipyard (ii) Floating and towing the units with removable bulkhead to the site (iii) Immerse the units in a pre-dredged trench (iv) Connect the units one by one (v) Covering the completed tunnel with backfill Steel immersed tunnel is sometimes adopted because of the ease of fabrication and its relative lightness. Moreover, shorter construction time is required when compared with concrete immersed tubes. 197
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A Self-Learning Manual - Institution of Engineers Mauritius

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