A Self-Learning Manual - Institution of Engineers Mauritius

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A Self-Learning Manual Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q&A Method) Vincent T. H. CHU 13. Which method of measuring road stiffness is better, Benkelman Beam Test or Falling Weight Deflectometer Test? (RS1 & RS2) Pavement surface deflection measurement is the principal means of evaluating a flexible pavement structure because the magnitude and shape of pavement deflection is a function of traffic, pavement structure, temperature and moisture affecting the pavement structure. Deflection measurements can be used in back calculation method to determine the stiffness of pavement structural layers. The Benkelman Beam measures the static deflections and it is operated on the basis of lever arm principle. Measurement is made by placing the tip of the beam between the dual tires and measuring the pavement surface rebound as the truck is moved away. The test is of low cost but it is time consuming and labour intensive in carrying out the test. In Falling Weight Deflectometer Test, the falling weight deflectometer is mounted in a vehicle. The sensors are lowered to the pavement surface and the weight is dropped. The test measures the impact load response of flexible pavement. It has the potential advantages that it is quick to perform and the impact load can be readily changed. Moreover, the impact action of falling weight appears to be more accurately representing the transient loading of traffic. 280
A Self-Learning Manual Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q&A Method) Vincent T. H. CHU Level Two (Advanced FAQs) Part III: Road Furniture 1. Why are concrete profile barriers designed with curved surface profiles? (CBP1) Safety fencings are designed to contain vehicles in the carriageway in which they are traveling and prevent them from rebounding into the road and causing hazards. For normal fencing design, when vehicles crash into safety fencings, it will give way so as to absorb as much energy as possible, thus reducing the impact forces on the vehicles. Moreover, it serves to realign the vehicles along the carriageway when vehicles hit on them. However, for concrete profile barriers they are not designed to absorb energy during vehicle crashing, but to hold the vehicles hitting on them. In this connection, concrete profile barriers are designed with curved profiles so that vehicles can mount and go up partly on them, and yet they will not cause overturning of vehicles. Reference is made to Arthur Wignall, Peter S. Kendrick and Roy Ancil. For shallow-angle crashing of cars, they would climb on the lower slope face of concrete profile barriers. On the other hand, when a car hits at a large angle to the barrier, the bumper collides with the upper sloping face of concrete profile barrier and the car rides upwards. This provides the uplift of the car whose wheels move up the lower sloping face of the barrier. It is not intended to lift the car too high, otherwise it may result in rolling. Since the friction between the wheels and barriers provide extra lifting forces, it is undesirable to design rough finish on these faces. In essence, the kinetic energy of the car during collision is transformed to potential energy during its lifting up on profile barrier and finally converted back to kinetic energy when the car returns to the road. 2. What are the advantages of having corrugation in crash barriers? (CBP1) The layout of corrugated beam barriers is that the beams are corrugated in the longitudinal direction so that it provides higher lateral stiffness with a thinner material. Moreover, the distance of beams posts and crashing vehicles are considerably increased. In case the beam barriers are tensioned, it is intended to create a stiff beam erected on relatively weak posts. During vehicle collision, the posts 281
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A Self-Learning Manual - Institution of Engineers Mauritius

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