A Self-Learning Manual - Institution of Engineers Mauritius

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A Self-Learning Manual Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q&A Method) Vincent T. H. CHU single packer test, the hole is drilled to the bottom of first test section and the top of the test section is sealed off by a packer. Water is then delivered to the test section and it is kept at constant pressure and the flow is measured. In highly fractured rock there is a high chance that water tends to leak around the packer which gives inaccurate result. As such, multiple packers are adopted instead in which three sections of the drillhole are sealed up and water is pumped to them at equal pressure. This eliminates the tendency for water to flow around the packers from the middle section. Hence, a more accurate result could be obtained by measuring flow from the middle section alone. Fig. Illustration of multiple pack 7. What is the purpose of adding hydrogen peroxide in sedimentation analysis? (SA1) There are two major techniques of particle size distribution: (i) Sieve analysis – for soil particles larger than 60μm they can be separated by this method. (ii) Sedimentation analysis – for soil particles smaller than 60μm, they are too small to be sieved by sieve analysis. Instead, the particle size distribution is worked out from the rate of settlement of soil particles suspended in water by Stoke’s law. In sedimentation analysis, the soil under testing is firstly boiled with little 356
A Self-Learning Manual Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q&A Method) Vincent T. H. CHU distilled water to wet and break up the particles. After that, hydrogen peroxide is added to remove any organic material. Then the whole mixture is allowed to stand still for a night and then boiled again to remove hydrogen peroxide. 8. Is it worthwhile to carry out tests on particle density of soil particles for geotechnical design? Particle density of soils is defined by the ratio of soil particle mass and soil particle volume. Depending on soil types, the range of variation of soil particle density varies not significantly, i.e. by 4%. Therefore, it may not be worthwhile to order laboratory tests and incur additional expenditure just to determine the particles density by recognizing that the variation of particles density is not significant. 9. How do we compare Rowe cell and Oedometer apparatus? (RC1) The advantages of using Rowe cell over oedometer apparatus are: (i) It possesses the control facilities for drainage and for the measurement of pore water pressure. (ii) It is capable of testing larger diameter soil samples. Hence, more reliable data can be provided by using Rowe’s cell because of the relatively smaller effect of structural viscosity in larger specimens. (iii) Rowe cell uses hydraulic loading system which is less susceptible to the effect of vibration than oedometer apparatus. 357
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A Self-Learning Manual - Institution of Engineers Mauritius

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