A Self-Learning Manual - Institution of Engineers Mauritius

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A Self-Learning Manual Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q&A Method) Vincent T. H. CHU systems in these locations. Typical oil interceptors usually contain three compartments: (i) The first inlet compartment serves mainly for the settlement of grits and for the trapping of floatable debris and rubbish. (ii) The second middle compartment is used for separating oils from runoff. 13. When should horizontal bars and vertical bars be provided in kerb overflow weirs? (ORF2) Overflow weirs should be provided for steep roads (longitudinal gradient>5%) , flat roads (longitudinal gradient
A Self-Learning Manual Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q&A Method) Vincent T. H. CHU reasons (based on Arthur Wignall, Peter S. Kendrick and Roy Ancil): (i) They provide strength to the sides of road pavements and avoid lateral displacement of carriageway due to traffic loads. (ii) In terms of road safety, they serve as a separation line between footway and carriageway and aid car drivers in driving safely. (iii) They act as a vertical barrier to guide the surface runoff collected in road pavements to the gullies. Fig. Gully grating 16. What is the purpose of road studs in roads? (ORF5) In nighttime, car drivers could not see where the road ends and where the alignment of road changes in direction. Without sufficient number of road lightings, it is necessary to provide some means to guide the drivers along dark roads. Hence, in 1933 Percy Shaw invented the cat’s eye (i.e. road studs) which is based on the principle of cat’s eyes. When a ray of light enters the eyes of a cat, the light shall be reflected back towards to the emitting source. As such, with the reflection of car’s headlights by road studs, it is possible to identify road conditions and alignment in darkness. However, the provision of cats’ eye is not without problem. For instance, there have been reported accidents arising from loosely installed cat’s eye. Some new design of cat’s eye uses LEDs which flash at about 100 times per second. However, it is claimed to cause epileptic fits of drivers. 17. What is the importance of glass beads in road markings? (ORF6) Retroreflectivity refers to the part of incident light from headlights of a vehicle being reflected back to the driver. Retroreflectivity is normally achieved in road marking materials by using glass beads or ceramic beads. 287
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A Self-Learning Manual - Institution of Engineers Mauritius

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