Twenty-eighth Report Adapting Institutions to Climate Change Cm ...

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References 6 See the Met Office website at: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climatechange/policymakers/ policy/slowdown.html. Accessed 17 December 2009. 7 IPCC (2001). Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ and_data_reports.htm. 8 IPCC (2007b). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_ data_reports.htm. 9 IPCC (2007a). 10 Ibid. 11 Ibid. 12 See the Met Office Heat-Health Watch website at: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/uk/ heathealth/. Accessed 20 January 2010. 13 IPCC (2007a). 14 See UK Climate Projections website, Key finding: Observed trends at: http://ukclimateprojections. defra.gov.uk/content/view/512/9/. Accessed 14 January 2010. 15 Stott, P.A., Stone, D.A. and Allen, M.R. (2004). Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003. Nature, 432, 610-614. 16 See http:// www.metoffice.gov.uk/climatechange/. Accessed 20 January 2010. 17 See http:// www.tyndall.ac.uk/. Accessed 20 January 2010. 18 See http://ukcip.org.uk/. Accessed 20 January 2010. 19 See http://ukclimateprojections.defra.gov.uk/content/view/824/517/. Accessed 20 January 2010. 20 Dessai, S., Hulme, M., Lempert, R. and Pielke Jr., R. (2009). Climate prediction: A limit to adaptation? In: Adger, W.N., Lorenzoni, I. and O’Brien, K.L. (Eds.) (2009). Adapting to Climate Change: Thresholds, Values and Governance. Cambridge University Press. Pages 64-78; Heffernan, O. (2009). Asking the impossible. Nature Reports. Climate Change. Published online 1 July 2009. doi:10.1038/climate.2009.64. 21 IPCC (2000). Special Report on Emission Scenarios. See http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ ipcc_sr/?src=/climate/ipcc/emission/. Accessed 19 January 2010. 22 Murphy, J.M., Booth, B.B.B., Collins, M., Harris, G.R., Sexton, D.M.H. and Webb, M.J. (2007). A methodology for probabilistic predictions of regional climate change from perturbed physics ensembles. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 365, 1993-2028. 23 See http://ukclimateprojections.defra.gov.uk/images/stories/Other_images/UKCP09_Review. pdf; see also http://ukclimateprojections.defra.gov.uk/content/view/824/517/; and http:// ukclimateprojections.defra.gov.uk/content/view/1140/664/. Accessed 15 January 2010. 24 Ibid. 25 Murphy et al. (2007). 26 More generally, see: Berry, D.A. (1996). Statistics: A Bayesian Perspective. Duxbury, London. 114
27 Data from the UK Climate Projections. Available at: http://ukclimateprojections.defra.gov.uk/ content/view/2067/517/. Accessed 19 January 2010. 28 Ibid. 29 Data from the UK Climate Projections. Available at: http://ukclimateprojections.defra.gov.uk/ content/view/2068/517/. Accessed 19 January 2010. 30 IPCC (2007a). 31 4 Degrees and Beyond. International Climate Conference. 28-30 September 2009, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford. Available at: http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/4degrees/. Accessed 5 December 2009. o 32 Climate change: Prepare for global temperature rise of 4 C, warns top scientist. Guardian, 7 August 2008. Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/aug/06/climatechange. scienceofclimatechange. Accessed September 2009. 33 Adger, W.N., Lorenzoni, I. and O’Brien, K.L. (Eds.) (2009). Adapting to Climate Change: Thresholds, Values and Governance. Cambridge University Press. 34 Stott et al. (2004). 35 Environment Agency (2009). Water for People and the Environment. Water Resources Strateg y for England and Wales. March 2009. Available at: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/library/ publications/40731.aspx. Accessed 5 December 2009. 36 Ibid. 37 See the Met Office website at: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ne/print.html. Accessed 1 February 2010. 38 Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP) (2006). 26th report: The Urban Environment. Paragraphs 4.76-4.86. Available at: http://www.rcep.org.uk. 39 See the Environment Agency website on bathing water quality at: http://www.environmentagency.gov.uk/research/library/data/34381.aspx#improve . Accessed 21 January 2010. 40 See the Met Office website at: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/corporate/pressoffice/2009/ ht20091123.html?zoneid=79048. Accessed 21 December 2009. 41 The Pitt Review: Learning lessons from the 2007 floods. Cabinet Office. June 2008. Available at: http:// archive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/pittreview/thepittreview.html. Accessed 13 November 2009. 42 House of Commons Environment Committee (1992). Coastal Zone Protection and Planning. Volume 1, Session 1991-92. HMSO, London. 43 Box 2D has been adapted from The Earth in Our Hands No. 7. Coastal Erosion published by the Geological Society of London (2001). 44 Evidence from Commission visit to the Gower Peninsula, Wales, December 2008, organised by the National Trust. 45 Evidence from Commission visit to Happisburgh, Norfolk, February 2009. 46 See the Met Office website at: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/corporate/pressoffice/anniversary/ floods1953.html. Accessed 1 February 2010. 47 Clayton, K.M. (1989). Sediment inputs from the north Norfolk cliffs, Eastern England – A century of coast protection and its effect. Journal of Coastal Research, 5, 433-442. 115 References
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Adapting Institutions to Climate Ch
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The cover image of an adaptation sn
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ROYAL COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL P
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Contents vii Paragraph Page Chapter
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Specific institutional arrangements
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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Chapter 1 INTRO
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1.9 1.10 What is adaptation? The In
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1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 Secondly, much
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every circumstance. However, the Co
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2.15 Average global sea levels are
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UKCP09 projections differ from thos
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level) and those which are only lik
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FIGURE 2-II Projected changes to wi
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2.29 Some of the projected temperat
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FIGURE 2-IV Change in observed temp
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2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 oxyge
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2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 Not only are ha
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2.73 BOX 2D FACTORS AFFECTING THE C
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y the changing climate as sea level
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BIODIVERSITY SUMMARY OF THE IMPACTS
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climate change”. 70 The new speci
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assemblages of conservation importa
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3.7 3.8 action 1 encourages Member
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3.12 FIGURE 3-I Governance structur
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3.14 FIGURE 3-III Climate change im
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3.19 significant role in determinin
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their LAA targets. Making use of qu
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3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 Anyone wis
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3.40 3.41 3.42 nature. 39 Other und
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3.47 For each of the exemplars, nat
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3.52 3.53 3.54 River Glaven). The a
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3.60 Planning future provision rais
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3.68 3.69 3.70 ordinary watercourse
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3.73 3.74 3.75 3.76 members of the
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3.84 3.85 3.86 3.87 74 SMPs have a
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3.94 Defra announced on 1 December
Page 73 and 74: 3.101 More than 250 Special Protect
Page 75 and 76: INTRODUCTION 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Chapte
Page 77 and 78: 4.11 4.12 Figure 4-I also introduce
Page 79 and 80: PATH DEPENDENCY 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21
Page 81 and 82: 4.25 4.26 4.27 Another way of consi
Page 83 and 84: Efficiency 4.36 Efficiency is about
Page 85 and 86: 4.47 4.48 4.49 participation. We re
Page 87 and 88: 4.53 The key elements of framing th
Page 89 and 90: 4.55 next. The Council observed tha
Page 91 and 92: overarching strategic framework set
Page 93 and 94: 4.70 There was a dilemma running th
Page 95 and 96: when specific measures are necessar
Page 97 and 98: 4.88 4.89 from flooding. Hot-spots
Page 99 and 100: BOX 4G LEGAL ASPECTS OF COASTAL PRO
Page 101 and 102: communicative learning in terms of
Page 103 and 104: is not limited to a single departme
Page 105 and 106: INTRODUCTION 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.
Page 107 and 108: 5.11 A number of our recommendation
Page 109 and 110: 5.23 5.24 The Climate Change Act 20
Page 111 and 112: 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 Two of our earl
Page 113 and 114: 5.46 The Commission recommends that
Page 115 and 116: 5.57 understood in order that it ca
Page 117 and 118: 5.67 5.68 5.69 5.70 There is no obv
Page 119 and 120: 5.79 underpin the need for the gove
Page 121 and 122: BOX 5A AN INDICATIVE LIST OF TEN QU
Page 123: CHAPTER 1 References 1 Royal Commis
Page 127 and 128: 66 Willis, S.G., Hill, J.K., Thomas
Page 129 and 130: 13 Ibid, page 12. 14 For further de
Page 131 and 132: 51 Ofwat (2009). Final Determinatio
Page 133 and 134: CHAPTER 4 1 Brooks, N. and Adger, W
Page 135 and 136: 37 There is an extensive literature
Page 137 and 138: 4 Greater London Authority Act 2007
Page 139 and 140: The European Commission has publish
Page 141 and 142: The study will, therefore, draw on
Page 143 and 144: Range of climate change Q2) There a
Page 145 and 146: Values relating to the natural envi
Page 147 and 148: Adaptive capacity (also referred to
Page 149 and 150: species that might survive and subs
Page 151 and 152: Appendix B CONDUCT OF THE STUDY In
Page 153 and 154: Forestry Commission Grantham Instit
Page 155 and 156: UK Collaborative on Development Sci
Page 157 and 158: VISITS During the course of the stu
Page 159 and 160: Mark Williams Scottish Water Ruth W
Page 161 and 162: CHAIRMAN Appendix D MEMBERS OF THE
Page 163 and 164: PROFESSOR MARIA LEE Professor of
Page 165 and 166: PROFESSOR JOANNE SCOTT Professor
Page 167 and 168: Abbreviations ACC Adapting to Clima
Page 169 and 170: SPA Special Protection Area SSSI Si
Page 171 and 172: Biodiversity Action Plan 2.99 Birds
Page 173 and 174: supply and treatment of 3.55 Englan
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water supply and wastewater treatme
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institutional arrangements adaptati
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UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP
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