Twenty-eighth Report Adapting Institutions to Climate Change Cm ...

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Chapter 4 FRAMING 4.50 4.51 4.52 FIGURE 4-II Schematic illustrating framing, implementing and learning Framing, implementing and learning are components of a fl exible, iterative, non-linear framework. Organisations will typically start by framing the problem. The components will often overlap, for example organisations will learn throughout their framing and implementing. Public engagement should support all three components. Framing Implementation Learning Framing a problem involves recognising its existence, and understanding its nature and its direct and indirect implications for the particular institution. This is perhaps the most challenging aspect of building adaptive capacity. Because adaptation is hard to frame, it is diffi cult to determine the actions to be taken and the capacities which should be built. It is easy to frame wrongly (for example by using the wrong timescales), incompletely (for example by thinking solely in terms of fl ood defence instead of fl ood risk management) or not at all. Because adaptation is hard to frame, it is also diffi cult to defi ne ‘successful’ adaptation or metrics for measuring progress or outcome. The Commission identifi ed a set of issues to do with framing, relating to how institutions recognise the challenges of adaptation, the factors involved, and how institutions recognise what they must do to build their adaptive capacity. 76
4.53 The key elements of framing the adaptation problem are: the role of climate in relation to the key missions of an institution (4.54-4.55); the role of other relevant actors in partnerships (4.56-4.58); competition with other goals (4.59-4.63); the tendency to ‘ short-termism’ in decision making (4.64-4.65); and the existence of different values and interests (4.66-4.70). BOX 4B FRAMING THE PROBLEM: UKCIP’s IMPACTS AND VULNERABILITIES APPROACH The UK Climate Impacts Programme’s (UKCIP’s) approach to framing is an example of an effective one. Adaptation is viewed in terms of vulnerability and impacts. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, and unable to cope with, adverse effects of a changing climate, including variability and extremes, and is a function of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Impacts are the effects of a changing climate, including variability and extremes, and are a function of exposure and sensitivity. Impacts feed into climate and socioeconomic scenarios alongside information on current climate and socio-economic conditions. This comprehensive approach to reducing risks and vulnerabilities is illustrated below. 26 Non-climate Risks and their Development Projected Climate Change Current Climate Vulnerability Projected Climate Impacts Current Climate Impacts Adaptive Capacity and its Development Vulnerability Policy and Management Context 77 Sustainable Development Goals Adaptation Strategies and Measures Other Policy Criteria Chapter 4
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Adapting Institutions to Climate Ch
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The cover image of an adaptation sn
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ROYAL COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL P
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Contents vii Paragraph Page Chapter
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Specific institutional arrangements
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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Chapter 1 INTRO
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1.9 1.10 What is adaptation? The In
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1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 Secondly, much
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every circumstance. However, the Co
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2.15 Average global sea levels are
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UKCP09 projections differ from thos
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level) and those which are only lik
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FIGURE 2-II Projected changes to wi
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2.29 Some of the projected temperat
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FIGURE 2-IV Change in observed temp
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2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 oxyge
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2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 Not only are ha
Page 35 and 36: 2.73 BOX 2D FACTORS AFFECTING THE C
Page 37 and 38: y the changing climate as sea level
Page 39 and 40: BIODIVERSITY SUMMARY OF THE IMPACTS
Page 41 and 42: climate change”. 70 The new speci
Page 43 and 44: assemblages of conservation importa
Page 45 and 46: 3.7 3.8 action 1 encourages Member
Page 47 and 48: 3.12 FIGURE 3-I Governance structur
Page 49 and 50: 3.14 FIGURE 3-III Climate change im
Page 51 and 52: 3.19 significant role in determinin
Page 53 and 54: their LAA targets. Making use of qu
Page 55 and 56: 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 Anyone wis
Page 57 and 58: 3.40 3.41 3.42 nature. 39 Other und
Page 59 and 60: 3.47 For each of the exemplars, nat
Page 61 and 62: 3.52 3.53 3.54 River Glaven). The a
Page 63 and 64: 3.60 Planning future provision rais
Page 65 and 66: 3.68 3.69 3.70 ordinary watercourse
Page 67 and 68: 3.73 3.74 3.75 3.76 members of the
Page 69 and 70: 3.84 3.85 3.86 3.87 74 SMPs have a
Page 71 and 72: 3.94 Defra announced on 1 December
Page 73 and 74: 3.101 More than 250 Special Protect
Page 75 and 76: INTRODUCTION 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Chapte
Page 77 and 78: 4.11 4.12 Figure 4-I also introduce
Page 79 and 80: PATH DEPENDENCY 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21
Page 81 and 82: 4.25 4.26 4.27 Another way of consi
Page 83 and 84: Efficiency 4.36 Efficiency is about
Page 85: 4.47 4.48 4.49 participation. We re
Page 89 and 90: 4.55 next. The Council observed tha
Page 91 and 92: overarching strategic framework set
Page 93 and 94: 4.70 There was a dilemma running th
Page 95 and 96: when specific measures are necessar
Page 97 and 98: 4.88 4.89 from flooding. Hot-spots
Page 99 and 100: BOX 4G LEGAL ASPECTS OF COASTAL PRO
Page 101 and 102: communicative learning in terms of
Page 103 and 104: is not limited to a single departme
Page 105 and 106: INTRODUCTION 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.
Page 107 and 108: 5.11 A number of our recommendation
Page 109 and 110: 5.23 5.24 The Climate Change Act 20
Page 111 and 112: 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 Two of our earl
Page 113 and 114: 5.46 The Commission recommends that
Page 115 and 116: 5.57 understood in order that it ca
Page 117 and 118: 5.67 5.68 5.69 5.70 There is no obv
Page 119 and 120: 5.79 underpin the need for the gove
Page 121 and 122: BOX 5A AN INDICATIVE LIST OF TEN QU
Page 123 and 124: CHAPTER 1 References 1 Royal Commis
Page 125 and 126: 27 Data from the UK Climate Project
Page 127 and 128: 66 Willis, S.G., Hill, J.K., Thomas
Page 129 and 130: 13 Ibid, page 12. 14 For further de
Page 131 and 132: 51 Ofwat (2009). Final Determinatio
Page 133 and 134: CHAPTER 4 1 Brooks, N. and Adger, W
Page 135 and 136: 37 There is an extensive literature
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4 Greater London Authority Act 2007
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The European Commission has publish
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The study will, therefore, draw on
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Range of climate change Q2) There a
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Values relating to the natural envi
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Adaptive capacity (also referred to
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species that might survive and subs
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Appendix B CONDUCT OF THE STUDY In
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Forestry Commission Grantham Instit
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UK Collaborative on Development Sci
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VISITS During the course of the stu
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Mark Williams Scottish Water Ruth W
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CHAIRMAN Appendix D MEMBERS OF THE
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PROFESSOR MARIA LEE Professor of
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PROFESSOR JOANNE SCOTT Professor
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Abbreviations ACC Adapting to Clima
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SPA Special Protection Area SSSI Si
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Biodiversity Action Plan 2.99 Birds
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supply and treatment of 3.55 Englan
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water supply and wastewater treatme
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institutional arrangements adaptati
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UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP
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