Twenty-eighth Report Adapting Institutions to Climate Change Cm ...

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References 72 For further details of the UK Futurecoast Project (2002) see: http://www.coastalwiki.org/ coastalwiki/FUTURECOAST_project,_UK. Accessed 6 December 2009. 73 Foresight (2004). 74 CLG (2009b). Consultation Paper on a New Planning Policy on Development and Coastal Change. July 2009. Available at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/archived/publications/planningandbuilding/ consultationcoastal. Accessed 6 December 2009. 75 Adger et al. (2009). 76 Milligan, J., O’Riordan, T., Watkinson, A., Amundsen, H. and Parkinson, S. (2006). Implications of the draft Shoreline Management Plan 3b on North Norfolk Coastal Communities. Final report to North Norfolk District Council. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich. Cited in: O’Riordan, T., Nicholson-Cole, S.A. and Milligan, J. (2008). Designing sustainable coastal futures. 21st Century Society, 3(2), 145-157. 77 Photograph taken by Secretariat during the Commission visit to Happisburgh, Norfolk, February 2009. 78 O’Riordan et al. (2008). 79 Nicholson-Cole and O’Riordan (2009). 80 Defra (2009b). Consultation on Coastal Change Policy. June 2009. Available at: http://www.defra.gov. uk/corporate/consult/coastal-change/index.htm. Accessed 6 December 2009. 81 Ibid. 82 CLG (2009b). 83 For further details see: http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/flooding/manage/pathfinder/ index.htm. Accessed 18 January 2010. 84 Personal communication from Professor Lynda Warren, Member of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. 85 Defra/Natural England (2008). Securing Biodiversity. A new framework for delivering priority habitats and species in England. Natural England. Available at: http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/ conservation/biodiversity/protectandmanage/framework.aspx. Accessed 6 December 2009. 86 For example, see the latest summary report on the Living Landscapes initiative: The Wildlife Trusts (2009). A Living Landscape. A call to restore the UK’s battered ecosystems, for wildlife and people. Available at: http://www.wildlifetrusts.org/?section=environment:livinglandscapes. Accessed 6 December 2009. Natural England (2009). 87 Responding to the Impacts of Climate Change on the Natural Environment. Natural England Reports NE114, NE115, NE116 and NE117. 122
CHAPTER 4 1 Brooks, N. and Adger, W.N. (2005). Assessing and enhancing adaptive capacity. In: Lim, B. and Spanger-Siegfried, E. (Eds.) (2005). Adaptation Policy Frameworks for Climate Change: Developing Strategies, Policies and Measures. Pages 165-181. UNDP-GEF. Cambridge University Press. 2 The information in Figure 4-I is adapted from Stirling, A. (2008). Science, precaution and the politics of technological risk: Converging implications in evolutionary and social and scientific perspectives. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1128, 95-110. 3 Environment Agency (2009). Thames Estuary 2100. Available at: http://www.environment-agency. gov.uk/homeandleisure/floods/. Accessed 6 December 2009. 4 Page, S.E. (2006). Path dependence. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 1, 87-115. ISSN 1554-0626; DOI 10.1561/100.00000006. 5 O’Riordan, T. and Jordan, A. (1999). Institutions, climate change and cultural theory: Towards a common analytical framework. Global Environmental Change, 9, 81-94. 6 UN World Commission on Environment and Development (1987). Our Common Future (‘The Brundtland Report’). Oxford University Press. Page 9. 7 For further details see: http://www.ceh.ac.uk/products/software/RIVPACS.html. Accessed 9 December 2009. 8 Personal communication from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), 2009, and Professor R. Clarke, 2010. 9 Evidence received at a joint Town and Country Planning Association – Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (TCPA–RCEP) workshop on Helping to Deliver Climate Change Adaptation through the UK Planning System, 28 July 2009. Report available at: http://www.rcep.org.uk/ reports/28adaptation/documents/TCPA%20workshopreport.pdf. Accessed 10 December 2009. 10 Evidence received from the Manhood Peninsula Steering Group, October 2008. Available at: http://www.rcep.org.uk. 11 Evidence from Commission visit to Happisburgh, Norfolk, February 2009. 12 Evidence received from the Coastal Concern Action Group and the Manhood Peninsula Steering Group, October 2008. Available at: http://www.rcep.org.uk. 13 Adger, W.N., Lorenzoni, I. and O’Brien, K. (2009). Adapting to Climate Change: Thresholds, Values, Governance. Cambridge University Press. 14 Walker, G., Burningham, K., Fielding, J., Smith, G., Thrush, D. and Fay, H. (2006). Addressing Environmental Inequalities: Flood Risk. Science Report: SC020061/SR1. Environment Agency, Bristol. 15 House of Commons Communities and Local Government Committee (2006-07 Session). Second report: Coastal Towns. Available at: http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ cm200607/cmselect/cmcomloc/351/35102.htm. Accessed 9 December 2009. 16 West, C.C. and Gawith, M.J. (Eds.) (2005). Measuring progress. Preparing for climate change through the UK Climate Impacts Programme. UKCIP Technical Report. UKCIP, Oxford. Cited in evidence received from Dr Emma Tompkins of the University of Leeds, September 2008. Available at: http://www. rcep.org.uk. Defra (2009a). 17 Consultation on Coastal Change Policy. Available at: http://www.defra.gov.uk/corporate/ consult/coastal-change/consultation-doc.pdf. Accessed 10 December 2009. 123 References
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Adapting Institutions to Climate Ch
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The cover image of an adaptation sn
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ROYAL COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL P
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Contents vii Paragraph Page Chapter
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Specific institutional arrangements
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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Chapter 1 INTRO
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1.9 1.10 What is adaptation? The In
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1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 Secondly, much
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every circumstance. However, the Co
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2.15 Average global sea levels are
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UKCP09 projections differ from thos
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level) and those which are only lik
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FIGURE 2-II Projected changes to wi
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2.29 Some of the projected temperat
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FIGURE 2-IV Change in observed temp
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2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 oxyge
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2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 Not only are ha
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2.73 BOX 2D FACTORS AFFECTING THE C
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y the changing climate as sea level
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BIODIVERSITY SUMMARY OF THE IMPACTS
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climate change”. 70 The new speci
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assemblages of conservation importa
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3.7 3.8 action 1 encourages Member
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3.12 FIGURE 3-I Governance structur
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3.14 FIGURE 3-III Climate change im
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3.19 significant role in determinin
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their LAA targets. Making use of qu
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3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 Anyone wis
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3.40 3.41 3.42 nature. 39 Other und
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3.47 For each of the exemplars, nat
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3.52 3.53 3.54 River Glaven). The a
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3.60 Planning future provision rais
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3.68 3.69 3.70 ordinary watercourse
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3.73 3.74 3.75 3.76 members of the
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3.84 3.85 3.86 3.87 74 SMPs have a
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3.94 Defra announced on 1 December
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3.101 More than 250 Special Protect
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INTRODUCTION 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Chapte
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4.11 4.12 Figure 4-I also introduce
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PATH DEPENDENCY 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21
Page 81 and 82: 4.25 4.26 4.27 Another way of consi
Page 83 and 84: Efficiency 4.36 Efficiency is about
Page 85 and 86: 4.47 4.48 4.49 participation. We re
Page 87 and 88: 4.53 The key elements of framing th
Page 89 and 90: 4.55 next. The Council observed tha
Page 91 and 92: overarching strategic framework set
Page 93 and 94: 4.70 There was a dilemma running th
Page 95 and 96: when specific measures are necessar
Page 97 and 98: 4.88 4.89 from flooding. Hot-spots
Page 99 and 100: BOX 4G LEGAL ASPECTS OF COASTAL PRO
Page 101 and 102: communicative learning in terms of
Page 103 and 104: is not limited to a single departme
Page 105 and 106: INTRODUCTION 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.
Page 107 and 108: 5.11 A number of our recommendation
Page 109 and 110: 5.23 5.24 The Climate Change Act 20
Page 111 and 112: 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 Two of our earl
Page 113 and 114: 5.46 The Commission recommends that
Page 115 and 116: 5.57 understood in order that it ca
Page 117 and 118: 5.67 5.68 5.69 5.70 There is no obv
Page 119 and 120: 5.79 underpin the need for the gove
Page 121 and 122: BOX 5A AN INDICATIVE LIST OF TEN QU
Page 123 and 124: CHAPTER 1 References 1 Royal Commis
Page 125 and 126: 27 Data from the UK Climate Project
Page 127 and 128: 66 Willis, S.G., Hill, J.K., Thomas
Page 129 and 130: 13 Ibid, page 12. 14 For further de
Page 131: 51 Ofwat (2009). Final Determinatio
Page 135 and 136: 37 There is an extensive literature
Page 137 and 138: 4 Greater London Authority Act 2007
Page 139 and 140: The European Commission has publish
Page 141 and 142: The study will, therefore, draw on
Page 143 and 144: Range of climate change Q2) There a
Page 145 and 146: Values relating to the natural envi
Page 147 and 148: Adaptive capacity (also referred to
Page 149 and 150: species that might survive and subs
Page 151 and 152: Appendix B CONDUCT OF THE STUDY In
Page 153 and 154: Forestry Commission Grantham Instit
Page 155 and 156: UK Collaborative on Development Sci
Page 157 and 158: VISITS During the course of the stu
Page 159 and 160: Mark Williams Scottish Water Ruth W
Page 161 and 162: CHAIRMAN Appendix D MEMBERS OF THE
Page 163 and 164: PROFESSOR MARIA LEE Professor of
Page 165 and 166: PROFESSOR JOANNE SCOTT Professor
Page 167 and 168: Abbreviations ACC Adapting to Clima
Page 169 and 170: SPA Special Protection Area SSSI Si
Page 171 and 172: Biodiversity Action Plan 2.99 Birds
Page 173 and 174: supply and treatment of 3.55 Englan
Page 175 and 176: water supply and wastewater treatme
Page 177 and 178: institutional arrangements adaptati
Page 179 and 180: UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP
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