Twenty-eighth Report Adapting Institutions to Climate Change Cm ...

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Appendix A ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE STUDY AND INVITATION TO SUBMIT EVIDENCE A1 ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE STUDY The Royal Commission study on adapting institutions to climate change was announced in a news release on 19 October 2007 in the following terms. Nearly 200 organisations were invited to respond to issues described below, and around 80 responses were received. ROYAL COMMISSION STUDY ON ADAPTING INSTITUTIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE The next study by the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution will address the question of how UK institutions can adapt to climate change. Following a very positive response to the shortlist the Royal Commission published in July this year, the decision was made to undertake a study on Adapting the UK to Climate Change. The comments received on the shortlist were substantial and the Royal Commission is grateful to all those organisations and individuals that took the time to share their views. Having carefully considered all of the responses, the Royal Commission noted that there was significant support for climate adaptation and has decided that this is the most appropriate topic for the next major study. Most of the other topics on the shortlist will be kept on the list for consideration for possible future study. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Climate change is unavoidable. To date, the principal focus on climate change has been on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with considerable political effort focused on what the targets and mechanisms for reductions should be. Identifying what adaptive measures to take is not immediately obvious. Adaptation should be conducted in concert with mitigation strategies and should, insofar as it is possible, be done in a way that minimises any unintended consequences. It is unlikely that there is a single set of answers, but there needs to be analysis of what the options are to prepare for the future. The Stern review set a very clear benchmark for the costs of climate change and more importantly the costs of adapting to future events. The need for adaptation is becoming recognised, and features in the draft Climate Change Bill that Defra is driving forward, which proposes that there should be regular reporting by Government to Parliament on adaptation policies. The Defra England Biodiversity Strategy is focused on adaptation to climate change, and provides a useful look at how biodiversity could be affected and approaches that can be taken to best adapt to these changes. Events such as habitat loss, species migration and changes of land use are all likely to occur, and actions to address these need to be understood as part of the complex system that is the UK environment. 128
The European Commission has published its green paper on ‘Adapting to Climate Change in Europe – Options for EU Actions’ (June 2007) and asks whether the EU should be including climate adaptation policy in all of its policy decisions, whether new policy responses are needed and whether adaptation actions should be incorporated into EU foreign policy objectives. It also seeks to develop the research base further, and to involve all parts of the EU in developing a comprehensive approach to adaptation. The Royal Commission study will investigate how the UK can best adapt to living in an environment where the climate is changing, including what sorts of measures should be taken to protect and to enhance the resilience of the built and natural environments. Examples could include measures to adapt to more extreme weather, using technology to cope with the future conditions of every-day living, adjusting the way we use our land, including the management of protected areas, or making recommendations as to how societal behaviours could be modified to cope better with the emerging and changing situation. BROAD TOPICS TO BE COVERED Adaptation to climate change covers a huge range of scientific, technical, engineering and socio-economic areas, and there are equally as many ways of splitting up this topic for investigation. How to achieve this will be one of the first issues that the Royal Commission must address. Broad topics that might be covered include: Biodiversity Disease, health and wellbeing Water management Sea level rise Agriculture Invasive species Transport Land use Socio-economic issues Construction and infrastructure Energy Environmental management Tourism A2 INVITATION TO SUBMIT EVIDENCE After considering the response to the original announcement, the Royal Commission wrote to more than 400 organisations and individuals in 2008 for evidence on the following questions. Around 80 responses were received. 129 Appendix A
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Adapting Institutions to Climate Ch
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The cover image of an adaptation sn
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ROYAL COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL P
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Contents vii Paragraph Page Chapter
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Specific institutional arrangements
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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Chapter 1 INTRO
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1.9 1.10 What is adaptation? The In
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1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 Secondly, much
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every circumstance. However, the Co
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2.15 Average global sea levels are
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UKCP09 projections differ from thos
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level) and those which are only lik
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FIGURE 2-II Projected changes to wi
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2.29 Some of the projected temperat
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FIGURE 2-IV Change in observed temp
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2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 oxyge
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2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 Not only are ha
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2.73 BOX 2D FACTORS AFFECTING THE C
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y the changing climate as sea level
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BIODIVERSITY SUMMARY OF THE IMPACTS
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climate change”. 70 The new speci
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assemblages of conservation importa
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3.7 3.8 action 1 encourages Member
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3.12 FIGURE 3-I Governance structur
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3.14 FIGURE 3-III Climate change im
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3.19 significant role in determinin
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their LAA targets. Making use of qu
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3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 Anyone wis
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3.40 3.41 3.42 nature. 39 Other und
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3.47 For each of the exemplars, nat
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3.52 3.53 3.54 River Glaven). The a
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3.60 Planning future provision rais
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3.68 3.69 3.70 ordinary watercourse
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3.73 3.74 3.75 3.76 members of the
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3.84 3.85 3.86 3.87 74 SMPs have a
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3.94 Defra announced on 1 December
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3.101 More than 250 Special Protect
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INTRODUCTION 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Chapte
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4.11 4.12 Figure 4-I also introduce
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PATH DEPENDENCY 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21
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4.25 4.26 4.27 Another way of consi
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Efficiency 4.36 Efficiency is about
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4.47 4.48 4.49 participation. We re
Page 87 and 88: 4.53 The key elements of framing th
Page 89 and 90: 4.55 next. The Council observed tha
Page 91 and 92: overarching strategic framework set
Page 93 and 94: 4.70 There was a dilemma running th
Page 95 and 96: when specific measures are necessar
Page 97 and 98: 4.88 4.89 from flooding. Hot-spots
Page 99 and 100: BOX 4G LEGAL ASPECTS OF COASTAL PRO
Page 101 and 102: communicative learning in terms of
Page 103 and 104: is not limited to a single departme
Page 105 and 106: INTRODUCTION 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.
Page 107 and 108: 5.11 A number of our recommendation
Page 109 and 110: 5.23 5.24 The Climate Change Act 20
Page 111 and 112: 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 Two of our earl
Page 113 and 114: 5.46 The Commission recommends that
Page 115 and 116: 5.57 understood in order that it ca
Page 117 and 118: 5.67 5.68 5.69 5.70 There is no obv
Page 119 and 120: 5.79 underpin the need for the gove
Page 121 and 122: BOX 5A AN INDICATIVE LIST OF TEN QU
Page 123 and 124: CHAPTER 1 References 1 Royal Commis
Page 125 and 126: 27 Data from the UK Climate Project
Page 127 and 128: 66 Willis, S.G., Hill, J.K., Thomas
Page 129 and 130: 13 Ibid, page 12. 14 For further de
Page 131 and 132: 51 Ofwat (2009). Final Determinatio
Page 133 and 134: CHAPTER 4 1 Brooks, N. and Adger, W
Page 135 and 136: 37 There is an extensive literature
Page 137: 4 Greater London Authority Act 2007
Page 141 and 142: The study will, therefore, draw on
Page 143 and 144: Range of climate change Q2) There a
Page 145 and 146: Values relating to the natural envi
Page 147 and 148: Adaptive capacity (also referred to
Page 149 and 150: species that might survive and subs
Page 151 and 152: Appendix B CONDUCT OF THE STUDY In
Page 153 and 154: Forestry Commission Grantham Instit
Page 155 and 156: UK Collaborative on Development Sci
Page 157 and 158: VISITS During the course of the stu
Page 159 and 160: Mark Williams Scottish Water Ruth W
Page 161 and 162: CHAIRMAN Appendix D MEMBERS OF THE
Page 163 and 164: PROFESSOR MARIA LEE Professor of
Page 165 and 166: PROFESSOR JOANNE SCOTT Professor
Page 167 and 168: Abbreviations ACC Adapting to Clima
Page 169 and 170: SPA Special Protection Area SSSI Si
Page 171 and 172: Biodiversity Action Plan 2.99 Birds
Page 173 and 174: supply and treatment of 3.55 Englan
Page 175 and 176: water supply and wastewater treatme
Page 177 and 178: institutional arrangements adaptati
Page 179 and 180: UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP
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