Twenty-eighth Report Adapting Institutions to Climate Change Cm ...

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References 18 Cooper, J.A.G. and McKenna, J. (2008). Social justice in coastal erosion management: the temporal and spatial dimensions. Geoforum, 39(1), 294-306. 19 HM Treasury (2003). The Green Book: Appraisal and Evaluation in Central Government. TSO, London. Available at: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/d/green_book_complete.pdf. Accessed 10 December 2009. 20 See Committee on Radioactive Waste Management website: http://www.corwm.org.uk. Accessed 10 December 2009. 21 Berkhout, F., Hertin, J. and Gann, D. (2006). Learning to adapt: Organisational adaptation to climate change impacts. Climate Change, 78, 135-156. 22 See for example, see the British Council’s pages on Customer Service Orientation at: http:// www.britishcouncil.org/professionals-work-customer-service-orientation-1.htm. Accessed 10 December 2009. 23 See, for example, the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM), and the British Quality Foundation websites at: http://ww1.efqm.org/en/ and http://www.quality-foundation. co.uk/ respectively. Accessed 10 December 2009. 24 Ciminero, S.M. (1997). Anglian Water: Customer Service Transformation. The Harvard Business School, April 9, Report N9-897-093. 25 Adger et al. (2009). 26 Written communication from Roger Street (2008). 27 For example: Welford, R. (1995). Environmental Strateg y and Sustainable Development: The Corporate Challenge for the 21st Century. Routledge, London. 28 See Ofwat website on climate change at: http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/sustainability/climatechange. Accessed 5 January 2010. 29 Ofwat (2009). Final Determination of Price Limits. Available at: http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/pricereview/ pr09phase3/prs_web_pr09fd. Accessed 11 January 2010. 30 Adger et al. (2009). 31 Berkhout et al. (2006). 32 Evidence received from the Forestry Commission, October 2008. 33 Tompkins, E.L., Boyd, E., Nicholson-Cole, S.A., Weatherhead, K., Arnell, N.W. and Adger, W.N. (2005). Linking Adaptation Research and Practice. A report submitted to Defra as part of the Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Cross-Regional Research Programme. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia. 34 See, for example, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment project at: http://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/index.aspx. Accessed 13 January 2010. 35 See the Exmoor Mire Restoration project at: http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/mire. Accessed 15 January 2010. Department for Communities and Local Government (CLG) (2007). 36 Planning Policy Statement: Planning and Climate Change – Supplement to Planning Policy Statement 1. December 2007. Available at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/ppsclimatechange.pdf. Accessed 11 December 2009. 124
37 There is an extensive literature on this subject. See, for example: Bulkeley, H. (2000). Common knowledge? Public understanding of climate change in Newcastle, Australia. Public Understanding of Science, 9, 313-333; and Lorenzoni, I., Nicholson-Cole, S. and Whitmarsh, L. (2007). Barriers perceived to engaging with climate change among the UK public and their policy implications. Global Environmental Change, 17(3-4), 445-459. 38 Lorenzoni, I. and Pidgeon, N. (2006). Public views on climate change: European and US perspectives. Climatic Change, 77(10-2), 73-95. 39 Niemeyer, S., Petts, J. and Hobson, K. (2005). Rapid climate change and society: Assessing responses and thresholds. Risk Analysis, 25(6), 1443-1456. 40 For example: Slovic, P. (1987). Perception of risk. Science, 236, 280-285; Slovic, P. (2000). The Perception of Risk. Earthscan, London; and Grothmann, T. and Reusswig, F. (2006). People at risk from flooding: Why some residents take precautionary action while others do not. Natural Hazards, 38, 101-120. 41 Defra (2009a). 42 See for example: Pateman, C. (1990). Participation and Democratic Theory. Cambridge University Press; Renn, O., Webler, T. and Wiedemann, P. (Eds.) (1995). Fairness and Competence in Citizen Participation: Evaluating Methods for Environmental Discourse. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht; Renn, O., Webler, T. and Kastenholz, H. (1998). Procedural and substantive fairness in landfill siting: A Swiss case study. In: R. Lofstedt and L. Frewer (Eds.) (1998). Risk and Modern Society. Earthscan, London; Petts, J. (2001). Evaluating the effectiveness of deliberative processes: Waste management case studies. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 44(2), 207-226; and Bloomfield, J.A., Collins, K., Fry, C. and Munton, R. (2001). Deliberation and inclusion: Vehicles for increasing trust in UK public governance? Environment and Planning C, 19, 501-513. 43 Adger et al. (2009). 44 Report of the RCEP seminar in Edinburgh (2008) on Institutional Capacity for Adaptation to Climate Change – Synergies, Gaps, Conflicts and Incentives in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Available at: http:// www.rcep.org.uk/reports/28-adaptation/documents/2008-11-27%20Scotland%20Seminar%20 -%20Final%20Report.pdf. Accessed 10 December 2009. 45 TCPA–RCEP workshop report (2009). 46 Personal communication from Dr. Tim O’Riordan, 2009. 47 RCEP (2007). 26th report: The Urban Environment. Paragraphs 6.85-6.88. Available online at: http://www.rcep.org.uk/reports/26-urban/documents/urban-environment.pdf. Accessed 10 December 2009. 48 TCPA–RCEP workshop report (2009). 49 Evidence from Commission visit to Happisburgh, Norfolk, February 2009. 50 Defra (2009a). 51 Evidence received from the Coastal Concern Action Group, October 2008. 52 Defra (2009b). Policy Statement: Appraisal of Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management. Available at: http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/flooding/documents/policy/guidance/erosion-manage. pdf. Accessed 10 December 2009. The Pitt Review: Learning lessons from the 2007 floods. Cabinet Office, June 2008. 53 Available at: http:// archive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/pittreview/thepittreview.html. Accessed 13 November 2009. 125 References
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Adapting Institutions to Climate Ch
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The cover image of an adaptation sn
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ROYAL COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL P
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Contents vii Paragraph Page Chapter
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Specific institutional arrangements
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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Chapter 1 INTRO
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1.9 1.10 What is adaptation? The In
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1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 Secondly, much
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every circumstance. However, the Co
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2.15 Average global sea levels are
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UKCP09 projections differ from thos
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level) and those which are only lik
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FIGURE 2-II Projected changes to wi
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2.29 Some of the projected temperat
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FIGURE 2-IV Change in observed temp
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2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 oxyge
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2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 Not only are ha
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2.73 BOX 2D FACTORS AFFECTING THE C
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y the changing climate as sea level
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BIODIVERSITY SUMMARY OF THE IMPACTS
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climate change”. 70 The new speci
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assemblages of conservation importa
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3.7 3.8 action 1 encourages Member
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3.12 FIGURE 3-I Governance structur
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3.14 FIGURE 3-III Climate change im
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3.19 significant role in determinin
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their LAA targets. Making use of qu
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3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 Anyone wis
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3.40 3.41 3.42 nature. 39 Other und
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3.47 For each of the exemplars, nat
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3.52 3.53 3.54 River Glaven). The a
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3.60 Planning future provision rais
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3.68 3.69 3.70 ordinary watercourse
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3.73 3.74 3.75 3.76 members of the
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3.84 3.85 3.86 3.87 74 SMPs have a
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3.94 Defra announced on 1 December
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3.101 More than 250 Special Protect
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INTRODUCTION 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Chapte
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4.11 4.12 Figure 4-I also introduce
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PATH DEPENDENCY 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21
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4.25 4.26 4.27 Another way of consi
Page 83 and 84: Efficiency 4.36 Efficiency is about
Page 85 and 86: 4.47 4.48 4.49 participation. We re
Page 87 and 88: 4.53 The key elements of framing th
Page 89 and 90: 4.55 next. The Council observed tha
Page 91 and 92: overarching strategic framework set
Page 93 and 94: 4.70 There was a dilemma running th
Page 95 and 96: when specific measures are necessar
Page 97 and 98: 4.88 4.89 from flooding. Hot-spots
Page 99 and 100: BOX 4G LEGAL ASPECTS OF COASTAL PRO
Page 101 and 102: communicative learning in terms of
Page 103 and 104: is not limited to a single departme
Page 105 and 106: INTRODUCTION 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.
Page 107 and 108: 5.11 A number of our recommendation
Page 109 and 110: 5.23 5.24 The Climate Change Act 20
Page 111 and 112: 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 Two of our earl
Page 113 and 114: 5.46 The Commission recommends that
Page 115 and 116: 5.57 understood in order that it ca
Page 117 and 118: 5.67 5.68 5.69 5.70 There is no obv
Page 119 and 120: 5.79 underpin the need for the gove
Page 121 and 122: BOX 5A AN INDICATIVE LIST OF TEN QU
Page 123 and 124: CHAPTER 1 References 1 Royal Commis
Page 125 and 126: 27 Data from the UK Climate Project
Page 127 and 128: 66 Willis, S.G., Hill, J.K., Thomas
Page 129 and 130: 13 Ibid, page 12. 14 For further de
Page 131 and 132: 51 Ofwat (2009). Final Determinatio
Page 133: CHAPTER 4 1 Brooks, N. and Adger, W
Page 137 and 138: 4 Greater London Authority Act 2007
Page 139 and 140: The European Commission has publish
Page 141 and 142: The study will, therefore, draw on
Page 143 and 144: Range of climate change Q2) There a
Page 145 and 146: Values relating to the natural envi
Page 147 and 148: Adaptive capacity (also referred to
Page 149 and 150: species that might survive and subs
Page 151 and 152: Appendix B CONDUCT OF THE STUDY In
Page 153 and 154: Forestry Commission Grantham Instit
Page 155 and 156: UK Collaborative on Development Sci
Page 157 and 158: VISITS During the course of the stu
Page 159 and 160: Mark Williams Scottish Water Ruth W
Page 161 and 162: CHAIRMAN Appendix D MEMBERS OF THE
Page 163 and 164: PROFESSOR MARIA LEE Professor of
Page 165 and 166: PROFESSOR JOANNE SCOTT Professor
Page 167 and 168: Abbreviations ACC Adapting to Clima
Page 169 and 170: SPA Special Protection Area SSSI Si
Page 171 and 172: Biodiversity Action Plan 2.99 Birds
Page 173 and 174: supply and treatment of 3.55 Englan
Page 175 and 176: water supply and wastewater treatme
Page 177 and 178: institutional arrangements adaptati
Page 179 and 180: UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP
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