Twenty-eighth Report Adapting Institutions to Climate Change Cm ...

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Appendix A The Royal Commission operates on the basis of transparency and it is our normal practice for all evidence sent to us to be made publicly available. The most likely method of such dissemination is through publication on the Commission’s website. If for any reason you do not wish us to make your name, organisation (if any) or your response (in full or in part) publicly available, then please make this clear in your response so that we can take it into account. Throughout these questions, where the term ‘natural environment’ is used, please provide answers referring to the three exemplars (biodiversity, nature conservation and protected areas; sea level and coastal zones; freshwater). The questions are broadly organised into the following categories: Adaptation – General Questions Definitions and terminology; Range of climate change; Awareness of adaptation to climate change; The relationship between adaptation and mitigation; and Climate change in the broader context. The Natural Environment Resilience of the natural environment; Natural responses and thresholds; Institutional arrangements for environmental conservation; Values relating to the natural environment; and Opportunities presented by the changing natural environment. Institutional Arrangements and Capacities Institutional adaptive capacity; and European, national and regional approaches. QUESTIONS INVITING FORMAL WRITTEN EVIDENCE Adaptation – General Questions Definitions and terminolog y Q1) The RCEP needs to have a clear view of the terms it should use for the study – is the IPCCi view of adaptation adequate (see below)? Are there alternative views of adaptation to climate change that the RCEP should be considering? (The IPCC definition is “Adaptation is the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities” – for a fuller definition, including anticipatory, autonomous and planned adaptation, see section on Definitions later). i IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 132
Range of climate change Q2) There are several important factors when discussing climate change, which the RCEP needs to understand for this study: a) Over what time period should climate change be considered for the RCEP study – 2020, 2050, 2100, or some other time period? b) What are the magnitude, rate and kinds of climate change impacts in the UK that the RCEP study should be considering? Awareness of adaptation to climate change Q3) The Royal Commission is interested in understanding the general level of awareness about adapting to climate change. How would you describe: a) The level of awareness that either you or your organisation has about the need to adapt to climate change? b) Your awareness of what could or should be done to enable the natural environment to adapt to climate change? c) Your awareness of any actions (by the government or others) already planned or underway, to adapt the natural environment to climate change? The relationship between adaptation and mitigation Q4) The UK is committed to significant actions to mitigate climate change – what should be the relationship between adaptation and mitigation actions for climate change? Climate change in the broader context Q5) Climate change is not the only major change that will take place over the coming years, or the only issue of importance for the environment, and yet it is being used as a justification for many decisions and actions. a) In broad terms, what are the important non-climate changes (e.g. social, economic, demographic, technological, cultural or other) that will interact with climate change to facilitate or inhibit adaptation? (It may be useful to cross reference your answer with your response to question 2a). b) When considering wider environmental priorities, what environmental goals may suffer if a stronger climate change adaptation agenda is introduced? How can the priority of adapting to climate change be increased as part of the sustainable development agenda without detracting from other important issues? The Natural Environment Throughout these questions, where the term ‘natural environment’ is used, answers should refer to the three exemplars (biodiversity, nature conservation and protected areas; sea level and coastal zones; freshwater). Resilience of the natural environment Q6) When planning what adaptive actions should be taken in order to increase the resilience of the natural environment in the UK, the RCEP is interested to know: 133 Appendix A
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Adapting Institutions to Climate Ch
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The cover image of an adaptation sn
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ROYAL COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL P
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Contents vii Paragraph Page Chapter
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Specific institutional arrangements
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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Chapter 1 INTRO
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1.9 1.10 What is adaptation? The In
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1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 Secondly, much
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every circumstance. However, the Co
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2.15 Average global sea levels are
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UKCP09 projections differ from thos
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level) and those which are only lik
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FIGURE 2-II Projected changes to wi
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2.29 Some of the projected temperat
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FIGURE 2-IV Change in observed temp
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2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 oxyge
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2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 Not only are ha
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2.73 BOX 2D FACTORS AFFECTING THE C
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y the changing climate as sea level
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BIODIVERSITY SUMMARY OF THE IMPACTS
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climate change”. 70 The new speci
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assemblages of conservation importa
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3.7 3.8 action 1 encourages Member
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3.12 FIGURE 3-I Governance structur
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3.14 FIGURE 3-III Climate change im
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3.19 significant role in determinin
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their LAA targets. Making use of qu
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3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 Anyone wis
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3.40 3.41 3.42 nature. 39 Other und
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3.47 For each of the exemplars, nat
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3.52 3.53 3.54 River Glaven). The a
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3.60 Planning future provision rais
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3.68 3.69 3.70 ordinary watercourse
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3.73 3.74 3.75 3.76 members of the
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3.84 3.85 3.86 3.87 74 SMPs have a
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3.94 Defra announced on 1 December
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3.101 More than 250 Special Protect
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INTRODUCTION 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Chapte
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4.11 4.12 Figure 4-I also introduce
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PATH DEPENDENCY 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21
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4.25 4.26 4.27 Another way of consi
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Efficiency 4.36 Efficiency is about
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4.47 4.48 4.49 participation. We re
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4.53 The key elements of framing th
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4.55 next. The Council observed tha
Page 91 and 92: overarching strategic framework set
Page 93 and 94: 4.70 There was a dilemma running th
Page 95 and 96: when specific measures are necessar
Page 97 and 98: 4.88 4.89 from flooding. Hot-spots
Page 99 and 100: BOX 4G LEGAL ASPECTS OF COASTAL PRO
Page 101 and 102: communicative learning in terms of
Page 103 and 104: is not limited to a single departme
Page 105 and 106: INTRODUCTION 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.
Page 107 and 108: 5.11 A number of our recommendation
Page 109 and 110: 5.23 5.24 The Climate Change Act 20
Page 111 and 112: 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 Two of our earl
Page 113 and 114: 5.46 The Commission recommends that
Page 115 and 116: 5.57 understood in order that it ca
Page 117 and 118: 5.67 5.68 5.69 5.70 There is no obv
Page 119 and 120: 5.79 underpin the need for the gove
Page 121 and 122: BOX 5A AN INDICATIVE LIST OF TEN QU
Page 123 and 124: CHAPTER 1 References 1 Royal Commis
Page 125 and 126: 27 Data from the UK Climate Project
Page 127 and 128: 66 Willis, S.G., Hill, J.K., Thomas
Page 129 and 130: 13 Ibid, page 12. 14 For further de
Page 131 and 132: 51 Ofwat (2009). Final Determinatio
Page 133 and 134: CHAPTER 4 1 Brooks, N. and Adger, W
Page 135 and 136: 37 There is an extensive literature
Page 137 and 138: 4 Greater London Authority Act 2007
Page 139 and 140: The European Commission has publish
Page 141: The study will, therefore, draw on
Page 145 and 146: Values relating to the natural envi
Page 147 and 148: Adaptive capacity (also referred to
Page 149 and 150: species that might survive and subs
Page 151 and 152: Appendix B CONDUCT OF THE STUDY In
Page 153 and 154: Forestry Commission Grantham Instit
Page 155 and 156: UK Collaborative on Development Sci
Page 157 and 158: VISITS During the course of the stu
Page 159 and 160: Mark Williams Scottish Water Ruth W
Page 161 and 162: CHAIRMAN Appendix D MEMBERS OF THE
Page 163 and 164: PROFESSOR MARIA LEE Professor of
Page 165 and 166: PROFESSOR JOANNE SCOTT Professor
Page 167 and 168: Abbreviations ACC Adapting to Clima
Page 169 and 170: SPA Special Protection Area SSSI Si
Page 171 and 172: Biodiversity Action Plan 2.99 Birds
Page 173 and 174: supply and treatment of 3.55 Englan
Page 175 and 176: water supply and wastewater treatme
Page 177 and 178: institutional arrangements adaptati
Page 179 and 180: UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP
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