Twenty-eighth Report Adapting Institutions to Climate Change Cm ...

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Appendix A (Taken from Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2006). Guidance for Promoting Synerg y Among activities Addressing Biological Diversity, Desertification, Land Degradation and Climate Change. Montreal, Technical Series no. 25.) Resilience is the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its functions after being perturbed. A measure of resilience is the magnitude of disturbance required to move an ecosystem irreversibly to an alternative state. Resilience decreases an ecosystem’s sensitivity (c.f. alternative definition above). (Taken from Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2006). Guidance for Promoting Synerg y Among activities Addressing Biological Diversity, Desertification, Land Degradation and Climate Change. Montreal, Technical Series no. 25.) Resilience is the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganise while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity and feedbacks. (Taken from Holling et al. (2004) Ecolog y and Society 9(2), 5.) Resistance describes the capacity of an ecosystem to persist unchanged despite environmental change. Resistance decreases an ecosystem’s sensitivity. (Taken from Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2006). Guidance for Promoting Synerg y Among activities Addressing Biological Diversity, Desertification, Land Degradation and Climate Change. Montreal, Technical Series no. 25.) Sensitivity measures the magnitude and rate of response in proportion to the magnitude and rate of climate change. Ecosystems will be particularly sensitive to changes in climate variability and the frequency and magnitude of extreme events. (Taken from Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2006). Guidance for Promoting Synerg y Among activities Addressing Biological Diversity, Desertification, Land Degradation and Climate Change. Montreal, Technical Series no. 25.)) Transformability is the capacity to create a fundamentally new system when ecological, economic, or social (including political) conditions make the existing system untenable. (Taken from Holling et al.(2004). Ecolog y and Society, 9(2), 5.) Vulnerability measures an ecosystem’s exposure to and sensitivity to climate change. Vulnerability is determined at specific spatial and temporal scales and is a dynamic property dependent on local conditions; for example, a forest during the dry season (c.f. alternative definition above). (Taken from Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2006). Guidance for Promoting Synerg y Among activities Addressing Biological Diversity, Desertification, Land Degradation and Climate Change. Montreal, Technical Series no. 25.) 140
Appendix B CONDUCT OF THE STUDY In order to carry out this study, the Royal Commission sought written and oral evidence, commissioned studies and took advice on specific topics and made a number of visits. EVIDENCE In parallel with the invitation to submit written evidence, which is reproduced in Appendix A, the Secretariat wrote directly to a number of organisations and individuals. The organisations and individuals listed below either submitted evidence or provided information on request for the purposes of the study, or otherwise gave assistance. In some cases (which are indicated by an asterisk), meetings were held with Commission Members or the Secretariat so that oral evidence could be given or particular issues discussed. GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS Civil Contingencies Secretariat (CCS)* Department for Children, Schools and Families Department for Communities and Local Government (CLG)* Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)* Department of Health DEVOLVED ADMINISTRATIONS Department of Environment Northern Ireland (DOENI)* Scottish Government* Welsh Assembly Government* EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL BODIES British Embassy in the Netherlands* Deltares* European Commission* Gemeente Den Haag* Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, the Netherlands* Stockholm Environment Institute UKREP* Waterschap Hollandse Delta* Zuid Holland Provincie* 141
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Adapting Institutions to Climate Ch
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The cover image of an adaptation sn
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ROYAL COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL P
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Contents vii Paragraph Page Chapter
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Specific institutional arrangements
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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Chapter 1 INTRO
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1.9 1.10 What is adaptation? The In
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1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 Secondly, much
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every circumstance. However, the Co
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2.15 Average global sea levels are
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UKCP09 projections differ from thos
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level) and those which are only lik
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FIGURE 2-II Projected changes to wi
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2.29 Some of the projected temperat
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FIGURE 2-IV Change in observed temp
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2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 oxyge
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2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 Not only are ha
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2.73 BOX 2D FACTORS AFFECTING THE C
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y the changing climate as sea level
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BIODIVERSITY SUMMARY OF THE IMPACTS
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climate change”. 70 The new speci
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assemblages of conservation importa
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3.7 3.8 action 1 encourages Member
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3.12 FIGURE 3-I Governance structur
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3.14 FIGURE 3-III Climate change im
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3.19 significant role in determinin
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their LAA targets. Making use of qu
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3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 Anyone wis
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3.40 3.41 3.42 nature. 39 Other und
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3.47 For each of the exemplars, nat
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3.52 3.53 3.54 River Glaven). The a
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3.60 Planning future provision rais
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3.68 3.69 3.70 ordinary watercourse
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3.73 3.74 3.75 3.76 members of the
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3.84 3.85 3.86 3.87 74 SMPs have a
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3.94 Defra announced on 1 December
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3.101 More than 250 Special Protect
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INTRODUCTION 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Chapte
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4.11 4.12 Figure 4-I also introduce
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PATH DEPENDENCY 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21
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4.25 4.26 4.27 Another way of consi
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Efficiency 4.36 Efficiency is about
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4.47 4.48 4.49 participation. We re
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4.53 The key elements of framing th
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4.55 next. The Council observed tha
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overarching strategic framework set
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4.70 There was a dilemma running th
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when specific measures are necessar
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4.88 4.89 from flooding. Hot-spots
Page 99 and 100: BOX 4G LEGAL ASPECTS OF COASTAL PRO
Page 101 and 102: communicative learning in terms of
Page 103 and 104: is not limited to a single departme
Page 105 and 106: INTRODUCTION 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.
Page 107 and 108: 5.11 A number of our recommendation
Page 109 and 110: 5.23 5.24 The Climate Change Act 20
Page 111 and 112: 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 Two of our earl
Page 113 and 114: 5.46 The Commission recommends that
Page 115 and 116: 5.57 understood in order that it ca
Page 117 and 118: 5.67 5.68 5.69 5.70 There is no obv
Page 119 and 120: 5.79 underpin the need for the gove
Page 121 and 122: BOX 5A AN INDICATIVE LIST OF TEN QU
Page 123 and 124: CHAPTER 1 References 1 Royal Commis
Page 125 and 126: 27 Data from the UK Climate Project
Page 127 and 128: 66 Willis, S.G., Hill, J.K., Thomas
Page 129 and 130: 13 Ibid, page 12. 14 For further de
Page 131 and 132: 51 Ofwat (2009). Final Determinatio
Page 133 and 134: CHAPTER 4 1 Brooks, N. and Adger, W
Page 135 and 136: 37 There is an extensive literature
Page 137 and 138: 4 Greater London Authority Act 2007
Page 139 and 140: The European Commission has publish
Page 141 and 142: The study will, therefore, draw on
Page 143 and 144: Range of climate change Q2) There a
Page 145 and 146: Values relating to the natural envi
Page 147 and 148: Adaptive capacity (also referred to
Page 149: species that might survive and subs
Page 153 and 154: Forestry Commission Grantham Instit
Page 155 and 156: UK Collaborative on Development Sci
Page 157 and 158: VISITS During the course of the stu
Page 159 and 160: Mark Williams Scottish Water Ruth W
Page 161 and 162: CHAIRMAN Appendix D MEMBERS OF THE
Page 163 and 164: PROFESSOR MARIA LEE Professor of
Page 165 and 166: PROFESSOR JOANNE SCOTT Professor
Page 167 and 168: Abbreviations ACC Adapting to Clima
Page 169 and 170: SPA Special Protection Area SSSI Si
Page 171 and 172: Biodiversity Action Plan 2.99 Birds
Page 173 and 174: supply and treatment of 3.55 Englan
Page 175 and 176: water supply and wastewater treatme
Page 177 and 178: institutional arrangements adaptati
Page 179 and 180: UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP
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