THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY2 The Lives and Opinions

FRANCIS BACON 97
ophy the analysis of scientific method, and the coordination of scientific
purposes and results; without this, any science must be superficial. "For
as no perfect view of a country can be taken from a flat; so it is impossible
to discover the remote and deep parts of any science by standing upon
the level of the same science, or without ascending to a higher." 68 He
condemns the habit of looking at isolated facts out of their context, without
considering the unity of nature; as if, he says, one should carry a small
candle about the corners of a room radiant with a central light.
Philosophy, rather than science, is in the long run Bacon's love; it i&
only philosophy which can give even to a life of turmoil and grief the
stately peace that comes of understanding. "Learning conquers or
mitigates the fear of death and adverse fortune." He quotes Virgil's
great lines:
Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas,
Quique metus omnes, et inexorabile fatum,
Subjecit pedibus, strepitumque Acheronlis avari
"happy the man who has learned the causes of things, and has put under
his feet all fears, and inexorable fate, and the noisy strife of the hell of
greed." It is perhaps the best fruit of philosophy that through it we unlearn
the lesson of endless acquisition which an industrial environment
so insistently repeats. "Philosophy directs us first to seek the goods of
the mind, and the rest will either be supplied, or not much wanted." 69 A
bit of wisdom is a joy forever.
Government suffers, precisely like science, for lack of philosophy.
Philosophy bears to science the same relationship which statesmanship
bears to politics: movement guided by total knowledge and perspective,
as against aimless and individual seeking. Just as the pursuit of knowledge
becomes scholasticism when divorced from the actual needs of men and
becomes a destructive bedlam when divorced
life, so the pursuit of politics
from science and philosophy. "It is wrong to trust the natural body to
empirics, who commonly have a few receipts whereon they rely, but who
know neither the cause of the disease, nor the constitution of patients.,
nor the danger of accidents, nor the true methods of cure. And so it must
needs be dangerous to have the civil body of states managed by empirical
statesmen, unless well mixed with others who are grounded in learning.
. . . Though he might be thought partial to his profession who said,
'States would then be happy, when either kings were philosophers or
that the best
9
philosophers kings, yet so much is verified by experience,
70
times have happened under wise and learned princes." And he reminds
us of the great emperors who ruled Rome after Domitian and before
Commodus.
So Bacon, like Plato and us all, exalted his hobby, and offered it as the
"Wd., i. "Ibid., viii, 2. Ibid.. i.