THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY2 The Lives and Opinions

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274 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY publication cf First Prind pies, ancl now saw himself superseded by the philoaophtrr of evolution, wrote ;o him as fellows, on February 4, 1866: Dear Sir: Cn wiving here last week, I found the December livrdson of your Z3f,Jcy, ar/I I rj.-.:I Iiardly say how much I regretted the announcement in tLu ?:o *r ar.ncx.-d to it. ... I propose that you should write the next cf ,cr ; trfa*Lw, i:id that I should guarantee the publisher against loss. , * . I b.*L t' Lt you v.i!l i:
HERBERT SPENCER 275 All ultimate scientific ideas are equally beyond rational conception. What is matter? \Ve reduce it to atoms, and then find ourselves forced to divide the atom as we had divided the molecule; \ve are driven into the dilemma that matter is infinitely divisible, which is inconceivable; or that there is a limit to its divisibility, \vhich also is inconceivable. So with the divisibility of space and time; both of these are ultimately irrational ideas. Motion is wrapped in a triple obscurity, since it involves matter changing, in time, its position in space. When we analyze matter resolutely we find nothing at last but force a force impressed upon our organs of sense, or a force resisting our organs of action; and who shall tell us what force is? Turn from physics to psychology, and we come upon mind and consciousness: and here are greater puzzles than before. "Ultimate scientific ideas," then, "are all representations of realities that cannot be comprehended. ... In all directions the scientist's investigations bring him face to face with an insoluble enigma; and he ever more clearly perceives it to be an insoluble enigma. He learns at once the greatness and the littleness of the human intellect its power in dealing with all that comes within the range of experience, its impotence in dealing with all that transcends experience. He, more than any other, truly knows that in its ultimate nature nothing can be known." 27 The only honest philosophy, to use Huxley's word, is agnosticism. The common cause of these obscurities is the relativity of all knowl- edge. "Thinking being relating, no thought can express more than relatons. . . . Intellect being framed simply by and for converse with phenomena, involves us in nonsense when we try to use it for anything beyond phenomena." 28 And yet the relative and phenomenal imply by their names and natures something beyond them, something ultimate and absolute. "On watching our thoughts we see how impossible it is to get rid of the consciousness of an Actuality lying behind Appearances, and how from this impossibility results our indestructible belief in that Actuality." 29 But what that Actuality is we cannot know. From this point of view the reconciliation of science and religions is no longer very diflicult. "Truth generally lies in the coordination of antagonistic opinions." 30 Let science admit that its "laws" apply only to phenomena and the relative; let religion admit that its theology is a rationalizing myth for a belief that defies conception. Let religion cease to picture the Absolute as a magnified man; much worse, as a cruel and blood-thirsty and treacherous monster, afflicted with "a love of adulation 31 such as would be despised in a human being." Let science cease to deny deity, or to take materialism for granted. Mind and matter are, equally, ''First Principles, New York, 1910; p. 56. ^Pp. 107-108. This unconsciously follows Kant, and succinctly anticipates Bergson. "P. 83. **Autob.7 iL 16. ffl F. P., 103,
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THE TEXT IS LIGHT IN THE BOOK
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INCLUDING THE R
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION Apolo
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION vii h
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION ix pr
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION , INT
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CONTENTS xiii CHAPTER V VOLTAIRE AN
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CONTENTS xv PAGE V. Hero-morality 3
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TO THE READER This book is not a co
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2 INTRODUCTION Some ungentle reader
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4 INTRODUCTION those experiences dr
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6 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY In 490-47
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i6 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY nature a
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44 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Macedoni
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5o THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY there wa
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56 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY of the d
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58 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY self. 40
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6o THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY VII. ETH
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62 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY own viol
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THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY (54 The cit
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66 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Even mer
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68 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY unapprec
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70 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY than the
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72 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Aristotl
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74 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY defendin
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76 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY master G
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78 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Globed f
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,9-0 u >o u
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8s THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY ordained
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84 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY tation t
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86 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Essex wa
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88 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY and disd
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go THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY "A marri
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92 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY with the
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94 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY their li
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g6 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY ances wh
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98 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY salvatio
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ioo THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY clouds.
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102 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY "Lastly
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104 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY things,
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io6 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY it prod
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io8 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY ton, th
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no THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY science,
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112 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY was all
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ii4 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY their o
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ii6 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY world h
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1 1& THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY formal
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120 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY tried t
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122 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY selves
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124 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY saying:
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is6 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY of even
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i 28 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY order
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130 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY cedure,
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132 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY But fur
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THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY beautiful;
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136 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY short-h
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138 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY but tra
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140 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY acquire
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142 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY miscrea
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144 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY in heav
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146 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Most me
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i 48 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY not in
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150 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY great p
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CHAPTER V Voltaire and the French E
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154 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY No, nev
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i 5 6 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY the h
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158 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Lord Bo
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6o THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY with fer
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1 62 THE STOR\ OF PHILOSOPHY animal
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164 THE S'rORY OF PHILOSOPHY tngly
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1 66 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY who he
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168 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY more th
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170 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY VI. FER
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i?2 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY plainin
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174 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Candide
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i 7 6 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Thoug
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i 7 8 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY matte
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i8o THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY letters
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1 8s THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY day. "
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1 84 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY than o
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1 86 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY a man
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1 88 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY scatte
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THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY igo courase
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CHAPTER VI Immanuel Kant and German
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i 94 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY man, t
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196 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY \vill r
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g8 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY whelrnin
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200 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY civiliz
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201? THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY an exa
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204 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY themsel
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206 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY through
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so8 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY We shal
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2io THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY selves,
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212 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY The ess
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214 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY had so
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216 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY sonally
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2 1 8 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY ceded
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220 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY "The Cr
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222 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY lution,
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Page 262 and 263: THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY IV. THE WOR
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Page 266 and 267: 240 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY stances
Page 268 and 269: 242 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY The sub
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Page 278 and 279: THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY 2. GEXIUS T
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Page 282 and 283: THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY tion of the
Page 284 and 285: 258 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY ment in
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Page 290 and 291: 264 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY dilatio
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Page 302 and 303: 276 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY relativ
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Page 308 and 309: THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY a theory of
Page 310 and 311: THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY 284 tory, l
Page 312 and 313: THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY unbaptized
Page 314 and 315: 288 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY form an
Page 316 and 317: 2 go THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Huxley
Page 318 and 319: 292 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY externa
Page 320 and 321: THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY 294 women t
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Page 325 and 326: HERBERT SPENCER 299 to the Post Off
Page 327 and 328: CHAPTER IX Friedrich .Nietzsche I.
Page 329 and 330: FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 303 the househo
Page 331 and 332: FRIEDRIGH NIETZSCHE 305 drama and p
Page 333 and 334: FRIEDRIGH NIETZSCHE 307 "the unerri
Page 335 and 336: FRIEDRIGH NIETZSCHE 309 overspread
Page 337 and 338: FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 3n The titles o
Page 339 and 340: FRIEDRIGH NIETZSCHE 313 in Zarathus
Page 341 and 342: FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 315 He gathered
Page 343 and 344: FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 317 pity or rem
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 325 Part of the
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 327 in peace. W
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 329 too far in
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 331 ruined less
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 333 intermarria
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 335 generous wo
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 337 of life m
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 339 choice. "
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 341 motion an
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 343 around ou
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 345 that the
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 347 whole of
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 349 in which
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 351 doxy and
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 353 a beacon-
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 355 presents
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 357 beautiful
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 359 He was re
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 361 though he
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 363 of school
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CHAPTER XI Contemporary American Ph
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 367 haste of
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 369 foundatio
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 371 ogy gradu
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 373 Santayana
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 375 him while
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 377 ruled by
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 379 racy and
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 381 soul has
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 383 of the En
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 385 must not
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 387 it would
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 389 nonsense
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 39I the instr
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 393 powerful
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 395 The exper
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CONCLUSION 397 disturbed and unbala
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400 GLOSSARY Hedonism: the doctrine
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Bibliography Diogenes Lacrtius: Liv
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Abelard, 73 Abrahams, I., 119 Absol
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De Stael, Mme., 189 Determinism, 14
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La Rochefoucauld, 39, 334 Law, 146,
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Royce, J., 269, 367 Rumford, Count,
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* -- - I !! 34518
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