THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY2 The Lives and Opinions

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THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY IV. THE WORLD AS WILL i. THE WILL TO LIVE Almost without exception, philosophers have placed the essence of zninci in thought and consciousness; man was the knowing animal, the L7i:md rct:j?:att\ 'Thib ancient and universal radical error, this enormous proton pseudo:~ z . . . must before even-thing be set aside." 26 "Consciousness is the r.iere surface of cur minds, of which, as of the earth, we do not know the inside but only the crust." ~ r Under the conscious intellect is th
SCHOPENHAUER 237 scions will to live, and to live fully. "Men are only apparently drawn from in front; in reality they are pushed from behind"; 35 they think they are led on by what they see, when in truth they are driven on by what they feel, by instincts of whose operation they are half the time un* conscious. Intellect is merely the minister of foreign affairs; "nature has produced it for the service of the individual will. Therefore it is only designed to know things so far as they afford motives for the will, but not to fathom them or to comprehend their true being." 36 "The will is the only permanent and unchangeable element in the mind; ... it is the will which," through continuity of purpose, "gives unity to consciousness and holds together all its ideas and thoughts, accompanying them like a continuous harmony." 37 It is the organ-point of thought. Character lies in the will, and not in the intellect; character too is continuity of purpose and attitude: and these are will. Popular language- is correct when it prefers the "heart" to the "head"; it knows (because it has not reasoned about it) that a "good will" is profounder and more reliable than a clear mind; and when it calls a man "shrewd," "knowing," or "cunning" it implies its suspicion and dislike. "Brilliant qualities of mfnd win admiration, but never affection"; and "all religions promise a reward ... for excellences of the will or heart,, but none for excellences of the head or understanding," 38 Even the body is the product of the will. The blood, pushed on by that will which we vaguely call life, builds its own vessels by wearing grooves in the body of the embryo; the grooves deepen and close up, and become arteries and veins. 39 The will to know builds the brain just as the will to grasp forms the hand, or as the will to eat develops the digestive tract.40 Indeed, these pairs these forms of will and these forms of flesh are but two sides of one process and reality. The relation is best seen in emotion, where the feeling and the internal bodily changes form one complex unit. 41 The act of will and the movement of the body are not two different things objectively known, which the bond of causality unites; they do not stand in the relation of cause and effect; they are one and the same, but they are given in entirely different ways, immediately, and again in perception. . . . The action of the body is nothing but the act of the will objectified. This is true of every movement of the body; . . , the whole body is nothing but objectified will. . . . The parts of the body must therefore completely correspond to the principal desires through which the will manifests itself; they must be the visible expression of these desires. Teeth, throat and bowels are objectified hunger; the organs of generation are objectified sexual desire. . . . The whole nervous system constitutes the antennae of the will^ which it I, 1 1 8. "TI, 463, 326 ; a source of Bergsoru . 333- "II, 450, 449- "II, 479- 486. This is the Lamarckian view of growth and evolution as due to desire* and functions compelling structures and begetting organs. A I, 132. A source for the James-Lange theory of emotion?
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THE TEXT IS LIGHT IN THE BOOK
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INCLUDING THE R
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION Apolo
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION vii h
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION ix pr
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION , INT
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CONTENTS xiii CHAPTER V VOLTAIRE AN
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CONTENTS xv PAGE V. Hero-morality 3
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TO THE READER This book is not a co
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2 INTRODUCTION Some ungentle reader
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4 INTRODUCTION those experiences dr
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102 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY "Lastly
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104 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY things,
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no THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY science,
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112 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY was all
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1 1& THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY formal
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122 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY selves
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124 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY saying:
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is6 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY of even
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i 28 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY order
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130 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY cedure,
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132 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY But fur
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THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY beautiful;
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CHAPTER V Voltaire and the French E
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154 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY No, nev
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i 5 6 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY the h
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158 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Lord Bo
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1 62 THE STOR\ OF PHILOSOPHY animal
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164 THE S'rORY OF PHILOSOPHY tngly
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1 66 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY who he
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i?2 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY plainin
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174 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Candide
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i 7 6 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Thoug
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1 8s THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY day. "
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Page 218 and 219: CHAPTER VI Immanuel Kant and German
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THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY unbaptized
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288 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY form an
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2 go THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY Huxley
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292 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY externa
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THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY 294 women t
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296 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY taken f
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HERBERT SPENCER 299 to the Post Off
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CHAPTER IX Friedrich .Nietzsche I.
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 303 the househo
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FRIEDRIGH NIETZSCHE 305 drama and p
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FRIEDRIGH NIETZSCHE 307 "the unerri
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FRIEDRIGH NIETZSCHE 309 overspread
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 3n The titles o
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FRIEDRIGH NIETZSCHE 313 in Zarathus
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 315 He gathered
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 317 pity or rem
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 319 the whole i
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 321 for which o
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 323 conditional
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 325 Part of the
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 327 in peace. W
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 329 too far in
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 331 ruined less
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 333 intermarria
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FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 335 generous wo
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 337 of life m
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 339 choice. "
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 341 motion an
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 343 around ou
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 345 that the
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 347 whole of
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 349 in which
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 351 doxy and
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 353 a beacon-
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 355 presents
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 357 beautiful
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 359 He was re
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 361 though he
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EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS 363 of school
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CHAPTER XI Contemporary American Ph
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 367 haste of
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 369 foundatio
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 371 ogy gradu
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 373 Santayana
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 375 him while
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 377 ruled by
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 379 racy and
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 381 soul has
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 383 of the En
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 385 must not
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 387 it would
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 389 nonsense
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 39I the instr
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 393 powerful
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AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS 395 The exper
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CONCLUSION 397 disturbed and unbala
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400 GLOSSARY Hedonism: the doctrine
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Bibliography Diogenes Lacrtius: Liv
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Abelard, 73 Abrahams, I., 119 Absol
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De Stael, Mme., 189 Determinism, 14
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La Rochefoucauld, 39, 334 Law, 146,
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Royce, J., 269, 367 Rumford, Count,
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