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96 SILVER TEXTURES, ETC., OF THE ANCIENTS. sort thither to collect some of the " droppings of Egyptian wis- dom." According to Diodorus, all trades ^êd with each other in improving their own particular branch, no pains being spared to bring each to perfection. To promote the more effec- tually this object, it was enacted that no artisan should follow any trade or emplopiient but that defined by law, and pia'sued by his ancestors. No tradesman was permitted to meddle with political affairs, or hold any civil office in the state, lest his thoughts should he distracted by the inconsistency of his pwsuits, or the jealousy and displeasure of the master in whose service he was employed. They foresaw that without such a law constant interruptions would take place, in conse- quence of the necessity or desire of becoming conspicuous in a public station ; that their proper occupations woidd be neglected, and many would be led by vanity and self-siijficiency to inter- fere in matters which were out of their sphere. They considered, moreover, that to pursue more than one avocation would be detrimental to their a\w\ interests, and those of the commu- nity at large ; and that, when men, from a motive of avarice, engage in numerous branches of art, the general result is, that they are unable to excel in any. If any artisan interfered in political matters, or engaged in any employment other than the one to which he had been brought up, a severe punishment was immediately mflicted upon him. The eminent German hierologist. Dr. Lepsius, now employed in Eg}^t by the Prussian government, after mentioning, in a recent letter, the many discoveries he had made of ancient ruins, tombs, &c., \\Tites as follows : " With the exception of about twelve, which belong to a later period, all these tombs were erected contemporaneously with, or soon after, the buildmg of the great p}Tamid, and consequently their dates throw an invaluable light on the study of human civihzation in the most remote period of antiquity.—The sculp- tures in reUef are surprisingly numerous, representing whole figures, some the size of Ufe, and others of various dimensions. The paintings are on back grounds of the finest chalk. They are numerous and beautiful beyond conception as fresh and perfect as if flushed yesterday! The pictures and sculp- —
SILVER TEXTURES, ETC., OF THE ANCIENTS. 97 tures on the walls of the tombs, represent, for the most part, scenes in the Uves of the deceased persons, whose wcaUli in cattle, fish-boats, servants, &c., is ostentatiously displayed before the eye of the spectator. All this gives an insight into the de- tails of private hfe among the ancient Egyptians. By the help of these inscriptions I think I could, without difficulty, make a " Court Calendar" of the reign of King Cheops*. In some in- stances I have traced the graves of father, son, grandson, and even great-grandson—all that now remains of the distinguished famiUes, which five thousand years ago, formed the nobility of the land." * We do not find in these researches, that the ancients were acquainted with the arts of spinning and weaving glass, or of giving it any required shade of color. This invention, therefore, must be considered as belonging to the nineteenth cen- tury, and the honor of the discovery is due to M. Dubus Bonnel, an ingenious Frenchman, a native of Lille, and for which he obtained patents in Great Brit- ain, and various countries of the European continent in 1837. " When we figure to ourselves an apartment decorated with cloth of glass, and resplendent with lights, we must be convinced that it will equal in brilliancy all that the imagination can conceive ; and realise, in a word, the wonders of the enchanted palaces mentioned in the Arabian tales. The lights flashing from the polished surface of the glass, to which any color or shade may be given, will make the room have the appearance of an apartment composed of pearls, mother- of-pearl, diamonds, garnets, sapphires, topazes, rubies, emeralds, or amethysts, dec, or, in short, of all those precious stones united and combined in a thousand ways, and formed into stars, rosettes, boquets, garlands, festoons, and graceful un- dulations, varied almost ad infinitum."—L'Echo du Monde Savant, &c. No. 58, Feb. 15, 1837.— Translated from the French. The warp is composed of silk, forming the body and groundwork on which the pattern in glass appears, as effected by the weft. The requisite flexibility of glass thread for manufacturing purposes is to be ascribed to its extreme fineness ; as not less than from fifty to sixty of the original threads (spun by steam engine power) are required to form one thread of the weft. The process is slow ; for no more than a yard of cloth can bo produced in twelve hours. The work, however, is extremely beautiful and comparatively cheap, inasmuch as no similar stufll", where bullion is really introduced, can be purchased for anything like the price for which this is sold ; added to this, it is, £is far eis the glass is concerned, imper- bhable. Glass is more durable than either gold or silver, and, besides, possesses the advantage of never tarnishing. 13
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Digitized by the Internet Arciiive
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THE HISTORY OF SILK, COTTON, LINEN,
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PREFACE. History, until a recent pe
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PREFACE. Vll How many of the grande
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PREFACE. jx life from the paintings
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COINTENTS. PART FIRST. ANCIENT HIST
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CONTENTS. Xlll fiilk-worra never br
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CONTENTS. XV silk-worms of India—
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CONTENTS. Xvii Pliny's account of S
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CONTENTS. Xix PART THIRD. ANCIENT H
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CONTENTS. XXI APPENDICES APPENDIX A
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LIST OF PLATES. I. Frontispiece—C
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2 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF va
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4 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF fe
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6 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF st
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: 8 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF
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10 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF t
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12 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF T
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14 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF S
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16 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF T
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18 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF g
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20 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF W
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CHAPTER II. HISTORY OF THE SILK MAN
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24 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF O
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26 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF I
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28 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP a
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30 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP W
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32 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF s
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34 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF l
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— 36 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE
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38 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF C
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40 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE, ETC
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42 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF S
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44 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF t
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46 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF p
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Page 82 and 83: 60 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF c
Page 84 and 85: 52 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF s
Page 86 and 87: 54 CULTIVATION- AND MANUFACTURE OF
Page 88 and 89: 56 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP A
Page 90 and 91: 58 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF C
Page 92 and 93: 60 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF V
Page 94 and 95: 62 CULTIVATION AND :MANUFACTURE OF
Page 96 and 97: 64 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF K
Page 98 and 99: CHAPTER IV. HISTORY OF THE SILK MAN
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Page 116 and 117: CHAPTER V. SILK AND GOLDEN TEXTURES
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Page 127 and 128: CHAPTER VI. SILVER TEXTURES, &c., O
Page 129: SILVER TEXTURES, ETC., OF THE ANCIE
Page 133 and 134: DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 99 in
Page 135 and 136: DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 101 a
Page 137 and 138: DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 103 w
Page 139 and 140: DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 105 a
Page 141 and 142: DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 107 W
Page 143 and 144: DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM, 109 a
Page 145 and 146: DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. of an
Page 147 and 148: DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 113 b
Page 149 and 150: DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 115 w
Page 151 and 152: DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 117 *
Page 153: Silk Wfvrm. F/air///. ( v.coaii:;,
Page 156: 120 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF
Page 159 and 160: CHINESE MODE OF REARING' SILK-WORMS
Page 161 and 162: CHINESE MODE OF REARING SILK-WORMS,
Page 165 and 166: CHTNESE MODE OF REARmO SILK-WORMS,
Page 167 and 168: CHINESE MODE OF RAISING SILK-WORMS,
Page 169 and 170: CHINESE MODE OP REARING SILK-WORMS,
Page 177 and 178: SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER. 139
Page 179 and 180: SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER. 141
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER. 143
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SILKEN MATERIAL OP THE SPIDER. 145
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SILKEN MATERIAL OP THE SPIDER, 157
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER 1G3 n
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER. in i
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Spider;;. Willi the processes
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CHAPTER X. FIBRES OR SILKEN MATERIA
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176 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF
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— 180 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE
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186 FIBRES, on SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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188 FIBRES, OR SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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190 FIBRES, OR SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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192 THE MALLOW, ITS USES BY THE ANC
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196 THE MALLOW. ITS USES BY THE AN'
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198 THE MALLOW, ITS USKS BY THE ANC
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CHAPTER XIII. SPARTUM, OR SPANISH B
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204 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : Stil
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206 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : of t
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208 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : seem
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210 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : info
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212 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : C. B
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214 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : feed
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216 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM. The a
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^^ 218 SHEEP BREEDING AND ^^^leê a
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220 SHEEP BREEDING AND is given us
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^ 222 SHEEP BREEDING AND sheep of S
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224 SHEEP BREEDING AND and enteipri
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226 SHEEP BREEDING AND proofs of th
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228 SHEEP BREEDING AND sheep were h
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230 SHEEP BREEDING AND "Anciently M
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232 SHEEP BREEDING AND are among th
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234 SHEEP BREEDING AND strong and l
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236 SHEEP BREEDING AND represents t
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238 SHEEP BREEDING AND practice est
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240 SHEEP BREEDING AND the principa
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242 SHEEP BREEDING AND Warbling wit
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244 SHEEP BREEDING AND Time has spa
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246 §HEEP BREEDING AND at the base
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248 SHEEP BREEDING AND ceeding ages
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250 SHEEP BREEDING AND Minerva, who
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252 SHEEP BREEDING AND natural feat
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254 SHEEP BREEDING AND of remark, t
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CHAPTER II. SHEEP-BREEDING AND PAST
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258 SHEEP BREEDING AND " I will set
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260 SHEEP BREEDING AND for the nymp
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262 SHEEP BREEDING AND which they w
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264 SHEEP BREEDING AND the comparis
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266 SHEEP BREEDING AND pretence dro
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268 SHEEP BREEDING AND Taientine, b
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270 SHEEP BREEDING AND Sybaris, bla
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272 SHEEP BREEDING AND Did thy wool
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274 SHEEP BREEDING AND Scutana, whi
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27G SHEEP BREEDING AND and clothier
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278 SHEEP BREEDING AND The reader w
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280 SHEEP BREEDING AND impression,
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CHAPTER III. SHEEP BREEDING AND PAS
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284 SHEEP BREEDING AND in the most
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286 SHEEP BREEDING AND colored brow
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288 SHEEP BREEDING AND have been al
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290 SHEEP BREEDING AND The customs
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292 SHEEP BREEDING AND expressions
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294 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. of
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296 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. th
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298 AXCIEXT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. he
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300 ANCIEXT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. sa
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302 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. mi
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304 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. ha
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306 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. pu
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308 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. of
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310 BEAVERS-WOOL. " An upper garmen
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CHAPTER VI. CAMELS-WOOL AND CAMELS-
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314 CAMELS'-WOOL AND CAMELs'-HAIR.
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316 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. ton, an
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318 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. in the
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320 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. Also th
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322 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. the Kal
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324 THE COTTOX MANUFACTURE. been al
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326 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. Tenuai
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328 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. There a
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330 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. preciou
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332 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. . color
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334 ANCIENT HISTORY OF and almost i
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'^'^'* ANCIENT HISTORY OF ^Ve or th
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338 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Mr. Ralph Fi
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340 ANCIENT HISTORY OF assemblage o
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342 ANCIENT HISTORY OF fingers dry
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344 ANCIENT HISTORY OP and cleaning
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346 ANCIENT HISTORY OF bodily exert
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— 348 ANCIENT HISTORY OF publishe
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— 350 ANCIENT HISTORY OF ED THE R
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352 ANCIENT HISTORY OF " That the f
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354 ANCIENT HISTORY OP replace it h
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356 ANCIENT HISTORY OP COMPARATIVE
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PART FOURTH. ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE
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360 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Stiabo, Pano
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362 A^-CIENT history of he had an o
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364 ANCIENT HISTORY OF in the banda
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366 ANCIENT HISTORY OF companied th
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368 AK^CIENT HISTORY OF linen only,
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370 ANCIENT HISTORY OP planation. T
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372 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Ptolemy Epip
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374 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Pollux and s
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376 ANCIENT HISTORY OF general appl
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378 ANCIENT HISTORY OF produced, i.
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380 ANCIENT HISTORY OP Palestine, a
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382 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Lam. ii. 20,
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384 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Setabis et t
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386 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE LINEN MA
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388 CULTIVATION AND USES OF horses,
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390 CULTIVATION AND USES OF 2. The
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CHAPTER HI. ASBESTOS. Uses of Asbes
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394 USES OF ASBESTOS, dant qu'il le
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396 USES OF ASBESTOS. Great Khan. I
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398 USES OF ASBESTOS. The monks on
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The annexed Map (Plate VII.) is des
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402 ON pliny's natural history. and
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404 ON THE ORIGIN AND MANUFACTURE O
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414 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF APPENDIX
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416 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the cold
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418 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF 0aKTpov,
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420 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF This obs
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422 MANUFACTVRE AND USE OP leus fro
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424 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF sian cap
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426 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF done in
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428 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF Callimac
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430 MANUFACTURE AND USE OP worn by
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432 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF monly wo
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434 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the fanc
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436 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF APPENDIX
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438 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the wild
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440 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF At puer
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442 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF riarij w
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444 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF that the
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446 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF net cons
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44S MANUFACTURE AND USE OF been abo
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450 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF Lydians
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452 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF The foll
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454 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF both the
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456 MANUFACTURE AND tSE OP Let this
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458 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF viii. 12
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460 MANUFACTURE AND USE OP full of
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462 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF taken al
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464 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF NETS BY
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