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402 ON pliny's natural history. and Baetica those ruddy varieties called Erythrean ; Canusium a sandy-colored* wool ; and Tarentum one of a dark shade peculiar to that locality. New-sliorn greasy wools have all a medicinal virtue. The wool of Istria and Libumia being more like hair than wool, is unsuitable for making the cloths which have a long nap. This is also the ceise with the wool of Salacia in Lusitania ; but the cloth made from it is recommended by its plaided pattern. A similar kind is produced about PiscencB (i. e. Pezenas), in the province of Narbonne, and likewise in Egypt, the woollen cloth of which country, having been worn by use, is embroidered and lasts some time longer. The coarse wool with a thick staple was used ill very ancient times for carpets : at least Homer (900 B. C.) speaks of the use of it. The Gauls have one method of embroidering these carpets, and the Parthians another. Portions of wool also make cloth by being forced together by themselves^. With the addition of vinegar these also resist iron, nay even fires, which are the last expedient for purging them ; for, having been taken out of the caldrons of the polishers, they are sold for the stuffing of beds, an in- vention made, I believe, in Gaul, certainly in the present day distinguished by Gallic names : for in what age it commenced I could not easily say, since the ancients used beds of straw, such as are now employed in camps. The cloths called gatisapa began to be used within the memory of my father ; those called amphimalla within my own, (See Part First, p. 30,) as well as the shaggy coverings for the stomach, called ventralia. For the tunic with the laticlave is now first beginning to be woven after the manner of the gausnpa. The black wools are never dyed. Concerning the dyeing of the others we shall speak in their proper places, in treating of sea-shells or the nature of herbs. " M. Varro says, that the wool continued to his time upon the distaff and spindle of Tanaquil, also called Caia Csecilia, in the temple of Sangus ; and that there re- mained in the temple of Fortime a royal undulate toga made by her, which Servius Tullius had worn. Hence arose the practice of carrying a distaff with wool upon it, and a spindle with its thread, after virgins who were going to be married. She first wove the straight tunic, such as is worn by tiros together with the toga pura, and by newly-married women. The undulate or waved cloth was origin- ally one of the most admired ; from it was derived the soriculateX. Fenestrella writes, that scraped and Phryxian togas came into favor about the end of the * This term is adopted as the best translation of the Latin fulvus, which, as well as the corresponding Greek adjective âvOds, denoted a light yellowish-brown. Hence it was so commonly applied to the light hair, which accompanies a light complexion and often indicates mental vivacity, and which has consequently been always considered beautiful. Hence also it was used to denote the appearance of the Tiber and other rivers, when they were rendered turbid by the quantity of sand suspended in their waters.—See Fellows's Discoveries in Lycia. t See Appendix C. t It is probable that soriculate cloth was a kind of velvet, or plush, so called from its resemblance to the coat of the field-mouse, sorex, dim. soricula. So- riculata may have been changed into sororiculata by repeating or at the beginning of the word.
ON pliny's natural history. 403 reign of the Divine Augustus. The thick poppied togas are of remoter origin, being noticed even so far back as by the poet Lucilius in his Torquatus. The toga pr
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Digitized by the Internet Arciiive
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THE HISTORY OF SILK, COTTON, LINEN,
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PREFACE. History, until a recent pe
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PREFACE. Vll How many of the grande
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PREFACE. jx life from the paintings
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COINTENTS. PART FIRST. ANCIENT HIST
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CONTENTS. Xlll fiilk-worra never br
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CONTENTS. XV silk-worms of India—
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CONTENTS. Xvii Pliny's account of S
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CONTENTS. Xix PART THIRD. ANCIENT H
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CONTENTS. XXI APPENDICES APPENDIX A
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LIST OF PLATES. I. Frontispiece—C
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2 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF va
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4 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF fe
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6 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF st
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: 8 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF
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10 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF t
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12 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF T
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14 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF S
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16 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF T
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18 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF g
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20 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF W
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CHAPTER II. HISTORY OF THE SILK MAN
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24 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF O
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26 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF I
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28 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP a
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30 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP W
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32 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF s
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34 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF l
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— 36 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE
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38 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF C
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40 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE, ETC
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44 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF t
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46 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF p
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48 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP t
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60 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF c
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52 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF s
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54 CULTIVATION- AND MANUFACTURE OF
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56 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP A
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58 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF C
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60 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF V
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62 CULTIVATION AND :MANUFACTURE OF
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64 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF K
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CHAPTER IV. HISTORY OF THE SILK MAN
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82 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP S
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CHAPTER V. SILK AND GOLDEN TEXTURES
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86 SILK AND GOLDEN TEXTURES OF THE
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CHAPTER VI. SILVER TEXTURES, &c., O
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SILVER TEXTURES, ETC., OF THE ANCIE
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SILVER TEXTURES, ETC., OF THE ANCIE
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 99 in
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 101 a
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 103 w
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 105 a
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 107 W
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM, 109 a
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. of an
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 113 b
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 115 w
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 117 *
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Silk Wfvrm. F/air///. ( v.coaii:;,
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120 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF
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CHINESE MODE OF REARING' SILK-WORMS
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CHINESE MODE OF REARING SILK-WORMS,
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CHTNESE MODE OF REARmO SILK-WORMS,
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CHINESE MODE OF RAISING SILK-WORMS,
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CHINESE MODE OP REARING SILK-WORMS,
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER. 139
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SILKEN MATERIAL OP THE SPIDER. 145
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SILKEN MATERIAL OP THE SPIDER, 157
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER 1G3 n
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER. in i
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Spider;;. Willi the processes
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CHAPTER X. FIBRES OR SILKEN MATERIA
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— 180 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE
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186 FIBRES, on SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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188 FIBRES, OR SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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190 FIBRES, OR SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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192 THE MALLOW, ITS USES BY THE ANC
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196 THE MALLOW. ITS USES BY THE AN'
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198 THE MALLOW, ITS USKS BY THE ANC
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CHAPTER XIII. SPARTUM, OR SPANISH B
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204 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : Stil
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206 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : of t
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208 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : seem
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210 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : info
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212 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : C. B
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214 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : feed
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216 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM. The a
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^^ 218 SHEEP BREEDING AND ^^^leê a
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220 SHEEP BREEDING AND is given us
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^ 222 SHEEP BREEDING AND sheep of S
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224 SHEEP BREEDING AND and enteipri
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226 SHEEP BREEDING AND proofs of th
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228 SHEEP BREEDING AND sheep were h
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230 SHEEP BREEDING AND "Anciently M
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232 SHEEP BREEDING AND are among th
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234 SHEEP BREEDING AND strong and l
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236 SHEEP BREEDING AND represents t
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238 SHEEP BREEDING AND practice est
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240 SHEEP BREEDING AND the principa
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242 SHEEP BREEDING AND Warbling wit
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244 SHEEP BREEDING AND Time has spa
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246 §HEEP BREEDING AND at the base
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248 SHEEP BREEDING AND ceeding ages
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250 SHEEP BREEDING AND Minerva, who
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252 SHEEP BREEDING AND natural feat
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254 SHEEP BREEDING AND of remark, t
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CHAPTER II. SHEEP-BREEDING AND PAST
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258 SHEEP BREEDING AND " I will set
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260 SHEEP BREEDING AND for the nymp
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262 SHEEP BREEDING AND which they w
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264 SHEEP BREEDING AND the comparis
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266 SHEEP BREEDING AND pretence dro
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268 SHEEP BREEDING AND Taientine, b
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270 SHEEP BREEDING AND Sybaris, bla
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272 SHEEP BREEDING AND Did thy wool
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274 SHEEP BREEDING AND Scutana, whi
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27G SHEEP BREEDING AND and clothier
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278 SHEEP BREEDING AND The reader w
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280 SHEEP BREEDING AND impression,
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CHAPTER III. SHEEP BREEDING AND PAS
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284 SHEEP BREEDING AND in the most
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286 SHEEP BREEDING AND colored brow
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288 SHEEP BREEDING AND have been al
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290 SHEEP BREEDING AND The customs
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292 SHEEP BREEDING AND expressions
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294 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. of
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296 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. th
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298 AXCIEXT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. he
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300 ANCIEXT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. sa
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302 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. mi
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304 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. ha
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306 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. pu
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308 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. of
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310 BEAVERS-WOOL. " An upper garmen
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CHAPTER VI. CAMELS-WOOL AND CAMELS-
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314 CAMELS'-WOOL AND CAMELs'-HAIR.
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;^ ^
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316 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. ton, an
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318 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. in the
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320 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. Also th
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322 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. the Kal
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324 THE COTTOX MANUFACTURE. been al
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326 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. Tenuai
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328 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. There a
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330 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. preciou
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332 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. . color
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334 ANCIENT HISTORY OF and almost i
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'^'^'* ANCIENT HISTORY OF ^Ve or th
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338 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Mr. Ralph Fi
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340 ANCIENT HISTORY OF assemblage o
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342 ANCIENT HISTORY OF fingers dry
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344 ANCIENT HISTORY OP and cleaning
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346 ANCIENT HISTORY OF bodily exert
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— 348 ANCIENT HISTORY OF publishe
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— 350 ANCIENT HISTORY OF ED THE R
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352 ANCIENT HISTORY OF " That the f
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354 ANCIENT HISTORY OP replace it h
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Page 400: PART FOURTH. ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE
Page 404 and 405: 360 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Stiabo, Pano
Page 406 and 407: 362 A^-CIENT history of he had an o
Page 408 and 409: 364 ANCIENT HISTORY OF in the banda
Page 410 and 411: 366 ANCIENT HISTORY OF companied th
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Page 414 and 415: 370 ANCIENT HISTORY OP planation. T
Page 416 and 417: 372 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Ptolemy Epip
Page 418 and 419: 374 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Pollux and s
Page 420 and 421: 376 ANCIENT HISTORY OF general appl
Page 422 and 423: 378 ANCIENT HISTORY OF produced, i.
Page 424 and 425: 380 ANCIENT HISTORY OP Palestine, a
Page 426 and 427: 382 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Lam. ii. 20,
Page 428 and 429: 384 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Setabis et t
Page 430 and 431: 386 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE LINEN MA
Page 432 and 433: 388 CULTIVATION AND USES OF horses,
Page 434 and 435: 390 CULTIVATION AND USES OF 2. The
Page 436 and 437: CHAPTER HI. ASBESTOS. Uses of Asbes
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Page 444: The annexed Map (Plate VII.) is des
Page 450 and 451: 404 ON THE ORIGIN AND MANUFACTURE O
Page 460: 414 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF APPENDIX
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Page 468 and 469: 418 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF 0aKTpov,
Page 470 and 471: 420 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF This obs
Page 472 and 473: 422 MANUFACTVRE AND USE OP leus fro
Page 474 and 475: 424 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF sian cap
Page 476 and 477: 426 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF done in
Page 478 and 479: 428 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF Callimac
Page 480 and 481: 430 MANUFACTURE AND USE OP worn by
Page 482 and 483: 432 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF monly wo
Page 484 and 485: 434 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the fanc
Page 486 and 487: 436 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF APPENDIX
Page 488 and 489: 438 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the wild
Page 490 and 491: 440 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF At puer
Page 492 and 493: 442 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF riarij w
Page 494 and 495: 444 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF that the
Page 496 and 497: 446 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF net cons
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44S MANUFACTURE AND USE OF been abo
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450 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF Lydians
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452 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF The foll
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454 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF both the
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456 MANUFACTURE AND tSE OP Let this
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458 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF viii. 12
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460 MANUFACTURE AND USE OP full of
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462 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF taken al
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464 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF NETS BY
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