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52 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF supposes the ancient Sericum to have been the produce of any- thing except the silk-worm. But of this there are several va- rieties, partly perhaps natural, and partly the result of domes- tication. He endeavors to explain some parts of Pliny's description by showing their seeming correspondence with some of the practices actually observed by the Orientals in the management of silk-worms. An account of the wild silk-wonns of China is to be found in the " Memoires conceniant I'Histoire, les Sciences, les Arts, &c., des Chinois," compiled by the missionaries of Peking*. This account is principally derived from the information of Fa- ther D'Incarville, one of the missionaries. It coincides gen- erally with the accounts already quoted from Du Halde and Breton. We extract the following particulars as conve}ing some further information : " The Chinese annals from the year 150 B. C. to A. D. 638 make frequent mention of the great quantity of silk produced by the wild worms, and observe that their cocoons were as large as eggs or apricots." The following passage is also deserving of attention : " Le papillon de ces vers sauvages, dit le Pere d'lncarville, est a ailes vitrees." This information, if correct, would prove that there was at least one kind of wild silk-worms in China, which was a different species from the Phalsena Mori ; for that has no transparent membranes in its wings, and would not be likely to receive them in consequence of any change in its mode of life. We now proceed to take the Christian authors of the fourth and following centuries in the order of time. ARNOBIUS (a. d. 306.) thus speaks of the heathen gods They want the covering of a garment : the Tritonian virgin must spin a threat of extraordinary fineness, and according to circumstances put on a tunic cither of mail, or silkt. * Tome ii. pp. 579-601. Paris, 1777, 4to. This Memoir is reprinted with abridgments as an Appendix to Stanislaus .Tulion's Translation of the Cliinese Treatise on the Breeding of Silk-worms, Paris, 1837, Bvo. t Adv. Gentes, 1. iii. p. 580, ed. Erasmi. :
SILK BY THE ANCIENTS. 53 GREGORIUS NAZIENZENUS, CL., A. D. 370. The following passage contains, we believe, the earliest al- lusion to the use of silk in the services of the Christian Church. ÂAXoi itiv ^pvaovTC (cat apyvpov, ol Si ra Siipwi/ A'jipa (pipovai Oe&J vrijiara XcTrraXta. Kai XjJiirra) Ovair/v Tij uyvî' dvcdrjutv iaVTOv' Koi airivSu iapKViOv aAXoj ayvas \i0a6as. Ad Hellenium pro Monachis Carmen, torn. ii. p. 106. ed. Par. 1C30. Silver and gold some bring to God Or the fine tlireads by Seres spun Others to Christ themselves devote, A chaste and holy sacrifice, And make libations of their tears. Yates's Translation. BASIL, CL., A. D. 370. Although this celebrated author was a native of Asia Minor, and had studied in Syria and Palestine, he appears to have known the silk-worm only from books and by report. His description of it 'in the following passage, in which we first find the beautiful illustration of the doctrine of a resiirrection from the change of the chrysalis, is chiefly copied from Aristotle's account as formerly quoted. Tt iâTt ol aTTiaTovvTii tu> IlauXw Trepl rijs Kara Tt]V dpaaraatv aXXottoffEtof, optoirtj ttoXXo! Tcov dcpiiov raj iiop(pas ftzTafiaWovTa ; o-Koia Ka\ wepl tov 'IvSikov aKwXrjKOi; 'laTopiXrai roO KCpaaiôpav Ss ci{ Ka^VT\v Tairpwra jitTaôKiov, ctra -irpo'iijjv po^tlivXidi yCverat, koI oiSi £iri TavTrjs IcTarai rijf nop
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Digitized by the Internet Arciiive
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THE HISTORY OF SILK, COTTON, LINEN,
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PREFACE. History, until a recent pe
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PREFACE. Vll How many of the grande
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PREFACE. jx life from the paintings
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COINTENTS. PART FIRST. ANCIENT HIST
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CONTENTS. Xlll fiilk-worra never br
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CONTENTS. XV silk-worms of India—
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CONTENTS. Xvii Pliny's account of S
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CONTENTS. Xix PART THIRD. ANCIENT H
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CONTENTS. XXI APPENDICES APPENDIX A
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LIST OF PLATES. I. Frontispiece—C
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Page 36 and 37: 4 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF fe
Page 38 and 39: 6 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF st
Page 40 and 41: : 8 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF
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Page 44 and 45: 12 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF T
Page 46 and 47: 14 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF S
Page 48 and 49: 16 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF T
Page 50 and 51: 18 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF g
Page 52 and 53: 20 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF W
Page 54 and 55: CHAPTER II. HISTORY OF THE SILK MAN
Page 56 and 57: 24 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF O
Page 58 and 59: 26 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF I
Page 60 and 61: 28 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP a
Page 62 and 63: 30 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP W
Page 64 and 65: 32 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF s
Page 66 and 67: 34 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF l
Page 68 and 69: — 36 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE
Page 70 and 71: 38 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF C
Page 72 and 73: 40 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE, ETC
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Page 78 and 79: 46 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF p
Page 80 and 81: 48 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP t
Page 82 and 83: 60 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF c
Page 86 and 87: 54 CULTIVATION- AND MANUFACTURE OF
Page 88 and 89: 56 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP A
Page 90 and 91: 58 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF C
Page 92 and 93: 60 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF V
Page 94 and 95: 62 CULTIVATION AND :MANUFACTURE OF
Page 96 and 97: 64 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF K
Page 98 and 99: CHAPTER IV. HISTORY OF THE SILK MAN
Page 114 and 115: 82 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP S
Page 116 and 117: CHAPTER V. SILK AND GOLDEN TEXTURES
Page 118 and 119: 86 SILK AND GOLDEN TEXTURES OF THE
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Page 127 and 128: CHAPTER VI. SILVER TEXTURES, &c., O
Page 129 and 130: SILVER TEXTURES, ETC., OF THE ANCIE
Page 131 and 132: SILVER TEXTURES, ETC., OF THE ANCIE
Page 133 and 134: DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 99 in
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 101 a
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 103 w
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 105 a
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 107 W
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM, 109 a
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. of an
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 113 b
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 115 w
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 117 *
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Silk Wfvrm. F/air///. ( v.coaii:;,
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120 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF
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CHINESE MODE OF REARING' SILK-WORMS
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CHINESE MODE OF REARING SILK-WORMS,
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CHTNESE MODE OF REARmO SILK-WORMS,
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CHINESE MODE OF RAISING SILK-WORMS,
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CHINESE MODE OP REARING SILK-WORMS,
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER. 139
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SILKEN MATERIAL OP THE SPIDER. 145
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SILKEN MATERIAL OP THE SPIDER, 157
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER 1G3 n
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER. in i
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Spider;;. Willi the processes
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CHAPTER X. FIBRES OR SILKEN MATERIA
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— 180 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE
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186 FIBRES, on SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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188 FIBRES, OR SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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190 FIBRES, OR SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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192 THE MALLOW, ITS USES BY THE ANC
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196 THE MALLOW. ITS USES BY THE AN'
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198 THE MALLOW, ITS USKS BY THE ANC
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CHAPTER XIII. SPARTUM, OR SPANISH B
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204 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : Stil
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206 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : of t
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208 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : seem
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210 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : info
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212 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : C. B
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214 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : feed
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216 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM. The a
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^^ 218 SHEEP BREEDING AND ^^^leê a
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220 SHEEP BREEDING AND is given us
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^ 222 SHEEP BREEDING AND sheep of S
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224 SHEEP BREEDING AND and enteipri
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226 SHEEP BREEDING AND proofs of th
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228 SHEEP BREEDING AND sheep were h
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230 SHEEP BREEDING AND "Anciently M
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232 SHEEP BREEDING AND are among th
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234 SHEEP BREEDING AND strong and l
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236 SHEEP BREEDING AND represents t
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238 SHEEP BREEDING AND practice est
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240 SHEEP BREEDING AND the principa
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242 SHEEP BREEDING AND Warbling wit
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244 SHEEP BREEDING AND Time has spa
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246 §HEEP BREEDING AND at the base
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248 SHEEP BREEDING AND ceeding ages
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250 SHEEP BREEDING AND Minerva, who
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252 SHEEP BREEDING AND natural feat
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254 SHEEP BREEDING AND of remark, t
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CHAPTER II. SHEEP-BREEDING AND PAST
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258 SHEEP BREEDING AND " I will set
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260 SHEEP BREEDING AND for the nymp
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262 SHEEP BREEDING AND which they w
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264 SHEEP BREEDING AND the comparis
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266 SHEEP BREEDING AND pretence dro
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268 SHEEP BREEDING AND Taientine, b
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270 SHEEP BREEDING AND Sybaris, bla
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272 SHEEP BREEDING AND Did thy wool
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274 SHEEP BREEDING AND Scutana, whi
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27G SHEEP BREEDING AND and clothier
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278 SHEEP BREEDING AND The reader w
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280 SHEEP BREEDING AND impression,
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CHAPTER III. SHEEP BREEDING AND PAS
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284 SHEEP BREEDING AND in the most
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286 SHEEP BREEDING AND colored brow
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288 SHEEP BREEDING AND have been al
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290 SHEEP BREEDING AND The customs
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292 SHEEP BREEDING AND expressions
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294 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. of
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296 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. th
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298 AXCIEXT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. he
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300 ANCIEXT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. sa
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302 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. mi
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304 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. ha
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306 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. pu
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308 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. of
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310 BEAVERS-WOOL. " An upper garmen
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CHAPTER VI. CAMELS-WOOL AND CAMELS-
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314 CAMELS'-WOOL AND CAMELs'-HAIR.
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;^ ^
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316 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. ton, an
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318 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. in the
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320 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. Also th
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322 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. the Kal
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324 THE COTTOX MANUFACTURE. been al
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326 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. Tenuai
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328 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. There a
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330 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. preciou
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332 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. . color
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334 ANCIENT HISTORY OF and almost i
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'^'^'* ANCIENT HISTORY OF ^Ve or th
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338 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Mr. Ralph Fi
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340 ANCIENT HISTORY OF assemblage o
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342 ANCIENT HISTORY OF fingers dry
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344 ANCIENT HISTORY OP and cleaning
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346 ANCIENT HISTORY OF bodily exert
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— 348 ANCIENT HISTORY OF publishe
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— 350 ANCIENT HISTORY OF ED THE R
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352 ANCIENT HISTORY OF " That the f
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354 ANCIENT HISTORY OP replace it h
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356 ANCIENT HISTORY OP COMPARATIVE
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PART FOURTH. ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE
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360 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Stiabo, Pano
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362 A^-CIENT history of he had an o
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364 ANCIENT HISTORY OF in the banda
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366 ANCIENT HISTORY OF companied th
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368 AK^CIENT HISTORY OF linen only,
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370 ANCIENT HISTORY OP planation. T
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372 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Ptolemy Epip
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374 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Pollux and s
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376 ANCIENT HISTORY OF general appl
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378 ANCIENT HISTORY OF produced, i.
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380 ANCIENT HISTORY OP Palestine, a
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382 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Lam. ii. 20,
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384 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Setabis et t
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386 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE LINEN MA
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388 CULTIVATION AND USES OF horses,
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390 CULTIVATION AND USES OF 2. The
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CHAPTER HI. ASBESTOS. Uses of Asbes
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394 USES OF ASBESTOS, dant qu'il le
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396 USES OF ASBESTOS. Great Khan. I
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398 USES OF ASBESTOS. The monks on
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The annexed Map (Plate VII.) is des
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402 ON pliny's natural history. and
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404 ON THE ORIGIN AND MANUFACTURE O
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414 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF APPENDIX
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416 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the cold
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418 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF 0aKTpov,
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420 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF This obs
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422 MANUFACTVRE AND USE OP leus fro
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424 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF sian cap
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426 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF done in
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428 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF Callimac
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430 MANUFACTURE AND USE OP worn by
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432 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF monly wo
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434 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the fanc
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436 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF APPENDIX
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438 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the wild
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440 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF At puer
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442 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF riarij w
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444 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF that the
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446 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF net cons
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44S MANUFACTURE AND USE OF been abo
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450 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF Lydians
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452 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF The foll
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454 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF both the
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456 MANUFACTURE AND tSE OP Let this
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458 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF viii. 12
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460 MANUFACTURE AND USE OP full of
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462 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF taken al
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464 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF NETS BY
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