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PASTORAL LIFE OF THE ANXIENTS. 277
of its inhabitants with the Milesians. The reader will have
noticed the fact that the worship of Pan was introduced into
Italy from Arcadia by Evander, from which circumstance it
may be reasonably inferred, that improvements in the management
of sheep were also introduced at the same time. Accord-
ing to Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Evander with his compan-
ions was said by the Romans to have migrated to Latium about
sixty years before the Trojan war*. The same historian al-
leges that this colony taught in Italy the use of letters, of in-
strumental music and other arts, established laws, and brought
some degree of refinement instead of the former savage mode
of life. The stor)' of the birth of Romulus and Remus sup-
poses sheep-breeding to have been practiced at the period of that
event, and in a state of society similar to that which we have
found prevailing further eastward ; for it is stated, that Faustulus,
who discovered them, kept the king's flocks. He was
" magister regii pecorist."
According to Pausanias [l. viii. c. 3. § 2.) the first Greek col-
ony, which went into Italy, was from Arcadia, being conducted
thither by CEnotrus, an Arcadian prince+. This was several
centuries before the expedition under Evander, and the part of
Italy thus colonized was the southern extremity, afterwards oc-
cupied by the Bruttii§. If with Niebuhr we regard this tradi-
tion only in the light of a genealogical table, designed to indicate
the affinities of tribes and nations, still the simple fact of the
colonization of South Italy by Arcadians certainly authorizes
the conjecture, that Arcadia was one of the stepping-stones, by
which the art of sheep-breeding was transported from Asia into
Europe.
* Hist. Rom. 1. i. p. 20, 21. ed. R. Stephani, Par. 1546. folio.
As it has been a frequent error with nations to push back their annals into a
higher antiquity than was consistent with fact, this may liave been tlie case in
the present instance. For it is to be observed, that according to Herodotus the
worship of Pan did not arise in Arcadia until after the time when according to
this latter statement it was introduced from Arcadia into Latium.
i Livii 1. i. c. 4.
\ As further evidence for tliis tradition see Pherecydis Fragmenta, a Sturtz, p.
190. Virg. .,En. i. 5S2, and iii. 165. Compare Ileyne, Exciu^us vi. ad JEn. 1. iii.
§ Heyne, Excursus xxi. ad Ma. 1. i. Niebuhr, Rom. Geschichte, i. p. 57.-