The history of silk, cotton, linen, wool, and other fibrous ... - Cd3wd.com

420 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF
This observation is confirmed by numerous figures of these
two divinities, if we supjjose the term ])etasus, which will be
more fully illustrated hereafter, to have meant a hat w ith a
brim, and pileus to have denoted properly a fessor cap without
a brim.
Fig. G. Plate VIII. is taken from a small bronze statue of
Vulcan in the Royal Collection at Berlin. He wears the exo-
mis, and holds his hammer in the right hand and his tongs in
the left. For other specimens of the head-dress of Vulcan the
reader is referred to the Museo Pio-Clemcntino, t. iv. tav. xi.,
and to Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities,
p. 589.
Plate VIII. is intended still further to illustrate some of the
most common varieties in the form of the ancient skull-cap.
Figure 7. is a head of Vulcan from a medal of the Aurelian
family*. Figure 8. is the head of Daedalus from a bas-rehef,
formerly belonging to the Villa Borghese, and representing the
story of the wooden cow, which he made for Pasiphaet. Fig.
10. is from a cameo in the Florentine collection. Fig. 9. is
the head of a small bronze statue, wearing boots and the
exomis, which belonged to Mr. R. P. Knight, and is now
in the British Museum. It is engraved in the "Specimens
of Ancient Sculpture pubhshed by the Society of Dilettanti,"
vol. i. pi. 47. The editors express a doubt whether this
statue was meant for Vulcan or Ulysses, merely because the
god and the hero were commonly represented wearing the
same kind of cap. Not only does the expression of counte-
* IWontfaucon, Ant. Expl. t. i. pi. 46. No. 4.
t Winckelmann, Mon. Iiied. ii. 93. The skull-cap, hero represented as worn
by Daedalus, is remarkably like that wliich is still worn by shepherd boys in Asia
JMtnor. Fig. 12, in Plate VIII. is copied from an orijrinal drawing of such a Gre-
cian youth, procured by Rlr. George Scharf who accompanied Mr. Fellows on his
second tour into that country.
According to Herodotus the Scythians had felted coverings for their tents, a
custom still found among their successors, the Tartars. Felting appears to have
preceded weaving. It is certainly a much ruder and simpler process : and, when
we consider both the long prevalence of the art among the pastoral inhabitants of
the ancient Scj'thia, and the extensive use of its products among them so as to be
employed even for their habitations, perhaps wo shall be right in considering felt-
ing as the appropriate invention of this people.