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368 AK^CIENT HISTORY OF linen only, dyed blue ^^^th indigo ; but those of better fortune have a black cloak over their linen shirt." The coarse linen of the Ancient Egyptians was called ôiiruv. It was made of thick flax, and was used for towels {uovdipia, Ju- lius Pollux, vii. c. 16.), and for sails (ôiainoi'as, Lycophi'on, v. 26.)*. ^
THE LINEN MANUFACTURE. 369 lady, whom Paulus Silentiarius addresses in the following line, written evidently with Homer's Helen before his mind You conceal your flowing locks with a snow-white sheet. vol. iii. p. 81. — Brunck, Analecta, Perhaps even the sheets, spread for Phoenix to he upon in the tent of Achilles, and for Ulysses on his return to Ithica from the country of the Pheeacians*, though not called by the Egyp- tian name, should be supposed to have been made in Egypt. In the time of Homer (900 B. C.) the use of linen cloth was certainly rare among the Greeks ; the manufacture of it was perhaps as yet unknown to them. The term Hi^JoJi' (iSindon), was used to denote linen cloth still more extensively than desvr,, inasmuch as it occurs both in Greek and Latin authors!. According to Julius Pollux this also was a word of Egyptian origin, and Coptic scholars inform us that it is found in the modern jSheiito, which has the same significa- tion +. Serapion was called Sindonites, because he always wore hnen (Palladii Hist. Latisiaca, p. 172). He was an Egyptian, and retained the custom of his native country. Although IîfStiv originally denoted linen, we find it applied, like 'Odovr,, to cotton cloth likewise ; and although both of these terms probably denoted at first those linen cloths only, and es- pecially the finer kinds of them, which were made in Egypt, yet as the manufacture of linen extends itself into other coun- tries, and the exports of India were added to those of Egypt, all varieties either of linen or cotton cloth, wherever woven, were designated by the Egyptian names 'OOdyr, and E.^'oi^. Another term, which is probably of Egyptian origin, and therefore requires explanation here, is the term BuWoj or Byssus. Vossius [Etymol. L. Lat. v. Byssus) thinks it was, as Pollux and Isidore assert, a fine, white, soft flax, and that the cloth made from it was like the modern cambric : " Similis fuisse videtur lino isti, quod vulgo Cameracense appellamus." Cel- sius, in his Hierobotanicon {vol. ii. p. 173.), gives the same ex- * II. (. 657. Od. V. 73. 118. t E. g. Martial. t Jablonski, ubi supra, p. cclxxiv. 47 :
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®{je ^. % îU lltbrarg lSV3t6 G48
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Digitized by the Internet Arciiive
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THE HISTORY OF SILK, COTTON, LINEN,
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PREFACE. History, until a recent pe
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PREFACE. Vll How many of the grande
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PREFACE. jx life from the paintings
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COINTENTS. PART FIRST. ANCIENT HIST
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CONTENTS. Xlll fiilk-worra never br
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CONTENTS. XV silk-worms of India—
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CONTENTS. Xvii Pliny's account of S
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CONTENTS. Xix PART THIRD. ANCIENT H
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CONTENTS. XXI APPENDICES APPENDIX A
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LIST OF PLATES. I. Frontispiece—C
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2 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF va
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4 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF fe
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6 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF st
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: 8 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF
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10 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF t
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12 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF T
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14 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF S
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16 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF T
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18 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF g
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20 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF W
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CHAPTER II. HISTORY OF THE SILK MAN
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24 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF O
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26 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF I
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28 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP a
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30 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP W
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32 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF s
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34 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF l
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— 36 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE
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38 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF C
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40 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE, ETC
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44 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF t
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46 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF p
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48 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP t
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60 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF c
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52 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF s
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54 CULTIVATION- AND MANUFACTURE OF
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56 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP A
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58 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF C
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60 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF V
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62 CULTIVATION AND :MANUFACTURE OF
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64 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF K
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CHAPTER IV. HISTORY OF THE SILK MAN
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82 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP S
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CHAPTER V. SILK AND GOLDEN TEXTURES
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86 SILK AND GOLDEN TEXTURES OF THE
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CHAPTER VI. SILVER TEXTURES, &c., O
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SILVER TEXTURES, ETC., OF THE ANCIE
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SILVER TEXTURES, ETC., OF THE ANCIE
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 99 in
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 101 a
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 103 w
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 105 a
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 107 W
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM, 109 a
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. of an
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 113 b
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 115 w
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 117 *
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Silk Wfvrm. F/air///. ( v.coaii:;,
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120 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF
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CHINESE MODE OF REARING' SILK-WORMS
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CHINESE MODE OF REARING SILK-WORMS,
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CHTNESE MODE OF REARmO SILK-WORMS,
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CHINESE MODE OF RAISING SILK-WORMS,
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CHINESE MODE OP REARING SILK-WORMS,
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER. 139
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SILKEN MATERIAL OP THE SPIDER. 145
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SILKEN MATERIAL OP THE SPIDER, 157
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER 1G3 n
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER. in i
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Spider;;. Willi the processes
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CHAPTER X. FIBRES OR SILKEN MATERIA
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— 180 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE
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186 FIBRES, on SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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188 FIBRES, OR SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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190 FIBRES, OR SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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192 THE MALLOW, ITS USES BY THE ANC
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196 THE MALLOW. ITS USES BY THE AN'
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198 THE MALLOW, ITS USKS BY THE ANC
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CHAPTER XIII. SPARTUM, OR SPANISH B
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204 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : Stil
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206 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : of t
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208 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : seem
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210 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : info
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212 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : C. B
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214 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : feed
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216 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM. The a
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^^ 218 SHEEP BREEDING AND ^^^leê a
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220 SHEEP BREEDING AND is given us
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^ 222 SHEEP BREEDING AND sheep of S
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224 SHEEP BREEDING AND and enteipri
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226 SHEEP BREEDING AND proofs of th
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228 SHEEP BREEDING AND sheep were h
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230 SHEEP BREEDING AND "Anciently M
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232 SHEEP BREEDING AND are among th
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234 SHEEP BREEDING AND strong and l
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236 SHEEP BREEDING AND represents t
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238 SHEEP BREEDING AND practice est
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240 SHEEP BREEDING AND the principa
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242 SHEEP BREEDING AND Warbling wit
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244 SHEEP BREEDING AND Time has spa
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246 §HEEP BREEDING AND at the base
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248 SHEEP BREEDING AND ceeding ages
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250 SHEEP BREEDING AND Minerva, who
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252 SHEEP BREEDING AND natural feat
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254 SHEEP BREEDING AND of remark, t
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CHAPTER II. SHEEP-BREEDING AND PAST
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258 SHEEP BREEDING AND " I will set
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260 SHEEP BREEDING AND for the nymp
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262 SHEEP BREEDING AND which they w
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264 SHEEP BREEDING AND the comparis
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266 SHEEP BREEDING AND pretence dro
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268 SHEEP BREEDING AND Taientine, b
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270 SHEEP BREEDING AND Sybaris, bla
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272 SHEEP BREEDING AND Did thy wool
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274 SHEEP BREEDING AND Scutana, whi
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27G SHEEP BREEDING AND and clothier
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278 SHEEP BREEDING AND The reader w
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280 SHEEP BREEDING AND impression,
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CHAPTER III. SHEEP BREEDING AND PAS
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284 SHEEP BREEDING AND in the most
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286 SHEEP BREEDING AND colored brow
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288 SHEEP BREEDING AND have been al
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290 SHEEP BREEDING AND The customs
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292 SHEEP BREEDING AND expressions
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294 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. of
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296 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. th
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298 AXCIEXT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. he
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300 ANCIEXT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. sa
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302 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. mi
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304 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. ha
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306 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. pu
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308 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. of
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310 BEAVERS-WOOL. " An upper garmen
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CHAPTER VI. CAMELS-WOOL AND CAMELS-
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314 CAMELS'-WOOL AND CAMELs'-HAIR.
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;^ ^
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316 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. ton, an
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318 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. in the
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Page 370 and 371: 328 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. There a
Page 372 and 373: 330 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. preciou
Page 374 and 375: 332 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. . color
Page 376 and 377: 334 ANCIENT HISTORY OF and almost i
Page 378 and 379: '^'^'* ANCIENT HISTORY OF ^Ve or th
Page 380 and 381: 338 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Mr. Ralph Fi
Page 382 and 383: 340 ANCIENT HISTORY OF assemblage o
Page 384 and 385: 342 ANCIENT HISTORY OF fingers dry
Page 386 and 387: 344 ANCIENT HISTORY OP and cleaning
Page 388 and 389: 346 ANCIENT HISTORY OF bodily exert
Page 390 and 391: — 348 ANCIENT HISTORY OF publishe
Page 392 and 393: — 350 ANCIENT HISTORY OF ED THE R
Page 394 and 395: 352 ANCIENT HISTORY OF " That the f
Page 396 and 397: 354 ANCIENT HISTORY OP replace it h
Page 398 and 399: 356 ANCIENT HISTORY OP COMPARATIVE
Page 400: PART FOURTH. ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE
Page 404 and 405: 360 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Stiabo, Pano
Page 406 and 407: 362 A^-CIENT history of he had an o
Page 408 and 409: 364 ANCIENT HISTORY OF in the banda
Page 410 and 411: 366 ANCIENT HISTORY OF companied th
Page 414 and 415: 370 ANCIENT HISTORY OP planation. T
Page 416 and 417: 372 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Ptolemy Epip
Page 418 and 419: 374 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Pollux and s
Page 420 and 421: 376 ANCIENT HISTORY OF general appl
Page 422 and 423: 378 ANCIENT HISTORY OF produced, i.
Page 424 and 425: 380 ANCIENT HISTORY OP Palestine, a
Page 426 and 427: 382 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Lam. ii. 20,
Page 428 and 429: 384 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Setabis et t
Page 430 and 431: 386 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE LINEN MA
Page 432 and 433: 388 CULTIVATION AND USES OF horses,
Page 434 and 435: 390 CULTIVATION AND USES OF 2. The
Page 436 and 437: CHAPTER HI. ASBESTOS. Uses of Asbes
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Page 440 and 441: 396 USES OF ASBESTOS. Great Khan. I
Page 442 and 443: 398 USES OF ASBESTOS. The monks on
Page 444: The annexed Map (Plate VII.) is des
Page 448 and 449: 402 ON pliny's natural history. and
Page 450 and 451: 404 ON THE ORIGIN AND MANUFACTURE O
Page 460: 414 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF APPENDIX
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416 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the cold
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418 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF 0aKTpov,
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420 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF This obs
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422 MANUFACTVRE AND USE OP leus fro
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424 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF sian cap
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426 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF done in
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428 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF Callimac
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430 MANUFACTURE AND USE OP worn by
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432 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF monly wo
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434 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the fanc
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436 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF APPENDIX
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438 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the wild
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440 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF At puer
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442 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF riarij w
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444 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF that the
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446 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF net cons
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44S MANUFACTURE AND USE OF been abo
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450 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF Lydians
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452 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF The foll
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454 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF both the
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456 MANUFACTURE AND tSE OP Let this
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458 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF viii. 12
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460 MANUFACTURE AND USE OP full of
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462 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF taken al
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464 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF NETS BY
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