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442 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF riarij where he remarks that the Celts dispensed \\nth the use of nets in hunting, because they trusted to the swiftness of their greyhounds*. In Euripidest it is used metaphorically : the chil- dren cry out, when their mother is pursuing them, i. e. " Now how near we are being caught with the sword." Also in the Agamemnon of iEschylus (1. 1085) 'H SiKrvov Ti y' AiJov; (pdvov. In this passage reference is made to the large shawl in which Clytemnestra wrapt the body of Agamemnon, as in a net, in order to destroy him. On account of the use made of it, the same fatal garment is afterwards (1. 1353) compared to a cast- ing-net, which in its form bore a considerable resemblance to the cassis. In 1. 1346, apmaraTat denotes this net as set up for hunting. The same form occurs again in the Eumenides (1. 112); and in the PerscB (102-104) escape from danger is in nearly the same terms expressed by the notion of overleaping the net. In Euripides§ this contrivance is called apKiararos f^xavft; and in the Agamemnon of Senecall the same allusion is intro- duced : At ille, ut altis hispidus silvis aper Cum, casse vinctus, tentat egressus tamen, Arctatque motu vincla, et incassum furit, Cupit, fluentes undique et csbcos sinus Disjicere, et hostem quEerit implicitus suum. Part of the apparatus of a huntsman consisted in the stakes which he drove into the ground to support his nets, and which Antipater Sidonius thus describes : Kai TTVp't Sr/yaXEODf dftiTraynj oraXiKas ; i. e. " The sharp stakes hardened in tlie firelT." * Kai £iVii» al Kvves awai, b ti nep al apKv; Stvo^wi/n Ikcivw, i. e. " And here greyhounds answered the same purpose as Xenophon's hunting-nets." De Venat. ii. 21. See Dansey's translation, pp. 72, 121. t Medea, 1268. t Or, apKiararov, ed. Schutz. 1. 1376. § Orestes, 1405, s. 1421. |1 L. 886-890. IT Brunck, Anal. ii. 10. We find ar&'XiKes in Oppian, Cyneg. iv. 67, 71, 121, 380; Pollux, OnoTO.v. 31. ; :
NETS BY THE ANCIENTS. 443 The term which Xenophon uses of the stakes is, according to some mamisciipts of his work, cr;(.axwtf. He says, they should be fixed so as to lean backwards, and thus more effec- tually to resist the impulse of the animals rushing against them*. The Latin term answering to ctuXikk was Vart. We find it thus used by Lucan : Aut, cum dispositis adtollat retia varis Venator, tenet ora levis clamosa Molossi. Pharsalia, iv. 439, 440. i. e. " The hunter holds the noisy mouth of the light Molosslan dog, when he lifts up the nets to tlie stakes arranged in order." Gratius FaUscus, adopting a Greek term, calls them ancones, on account of the " elbow" or fork at the top : Hie magis in cervos vahiit metus : ast ubi lents Interdum Libyco fucantur sandyce pinnce, Lineaque cxtructis lucent anconibus arma, Rarum, si qua metus eludat bellua falsos. — Cyneg. 85-88. It was the business of one of the attendants to watch the nets Ego retia servo.—Virg. Buc. iii. 75. Sometimes there was a watchman at each extremity and one in the middle, as in the Persian lion-huntt. The preva- lence of this method of hunting in Persia might be inferred firom the circumstance, that one of the chief employments of the inhabitants consisted in making these nets {a^Kvu Strabo, XV. 3. h 18). To watch the nets was called d(,Kvu>peXv (Êlian, H. A. i. 2), and the man who discharged this oflSce dp^vtopot (Xen., De Ven. ii. 3 ; vi. 1.). The paintings discovered in the catacombs of Egypt show, that the ancient inhabitants of that country used nets for hunting in the same manner which has now been shown to have been the practice of the Persians, Greeks and Romans!. Hunting-nets had much larger meshes than fishing or fowl- ers'-nets, because in general a fish or a fowl could escape through a much smaller opening than a quadruped. In hunting, the important circumstance was to make the nets so strong * De Venat. vi. 7. t Oppian, Cyneg. iv. 124, &c. t Wilkinson's Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, vol. iii. p. 3-5. :
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Digitized by the Internet Arciiive
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THE HISTORY OF SILK, COTTON, LINEN,
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PREFACE. History, until a recent pe
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PREFACE. Vll How many of the grande
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PREFACE. jx life from the paintings
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COINTENTS. PART FIRST. ANCIENT HIST
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CONTENTS. Xlll fiilk-worra never br
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CONTENTS. XV silk-worms of India—
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CONTENTS. Xvii Pliny's account of S
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CONTENTS. Xix PART THIRD. ANCIENT H
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CONTENTS. XXI APPENDICES APPENDIX A
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LIST OF PLATES. I. Frontispiece—C
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2 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF va
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4 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF fe
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6 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF st
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: 8 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF
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10 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF t
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12 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF T
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14 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF S
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16 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF T
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18 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF g
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20 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF W
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CHAPTER II. HISTORY OF THE SILK MAN
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24 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF O
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26 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF I
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28 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP a
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30 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP W
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32 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF s
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34 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF l
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— 36 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE
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38 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF C
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40 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE, ETC
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44 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF t
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46 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF p
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48 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP t
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60 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF c
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52 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF s
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54 CULTIVATION- AND MANUFACTURE OF
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56 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP A
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58 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF C
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60 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF V
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62 CULTIVATION AND :MANUFACTURE OF
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64 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF K
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CHAPTER IV. HISTORY OF THE SILK MAN
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82 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OP S
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CHAPTER V. SILK AND GOLDEN TEXTURES
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86 SILK AND GOLDEN TEXTURES OF THE
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CHAPTER VI. SILVER TEXTURES, &c., O
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SILVER TEXTURES, ETC., OF THE ANCIE
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SILVER TEXTURES, ETC., OF THE ANCIE
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 99 in
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 101 a
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 103 w
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 105 a
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 107 W
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM, 109 a
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. of an
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 113 b
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 115 w
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SILK-WORM. 117 *
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Silk Wfvrm. F/air///. ( v.coaii:;,
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120 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF
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CHINESE MODE OF REARING' SILK-WORMS
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CHINESE MODE OF REARING SILK-WORMS,
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CHTNESE MODE OF REARmO SILK-WORMS,
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CHINESE MODE OF RAISING SILK-WORMS,
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CHINESE MODE OP REARING SILK-WORMS,
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER. 139
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SILKEN MATERIAL OP THE SPIDER. 145
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SILKEN MATERIAL OP THE SPIDER, 157
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER 1G3 n
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SILKEN MATERIAL OF THE SPIDER. in i
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Spider;;. Willi the processes
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CHAPTER X. FIBRES OR SILKEN MATERIA
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— 180 CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE
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186 FIBRES, on SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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188 FIBRES, OR SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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190 FIBRES, OR SILKEN MATERIAL OF T
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192 THE MALLOW, ITS USES BY THE ANC
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196 THE MALLOW. ITS USES BY THE AN'
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198 THE MALLOW, ITS USKS BY THE ANC
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CHAPTER XIII. SPARTUM, OR SPANISH B
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204 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : Stil
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206 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : of t
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208 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : seem
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210 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : info
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212 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : C. B
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214 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM : feed
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216 SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM. The a
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^^ 218 SHEEP BREEDING AND ^^^leê a
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220 SHEEP BREEDING AND is given us
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^ 222 SHEEP BREEDING AND sheep of S
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224 SHEEP BREEDING AND and enteipri
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226 SHEEP BREEDING AND proofs of th
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228 SHEEP BREEDING AND sheep were h
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230 SHEEP BREEDING AND "Anciently M
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232 SHEEP BREEDING AND are among th
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234 SHEEP BREEDING AND strong and l
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236 SHEEP BREEDING AND represents t
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238 SHEEP BREEDING AND practice est
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240 SHEEP BREEDING AND the principa
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242 SHEEP BREEDING AND Warbling wit
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244 SHEEP BREEDING AND Time has spa
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246 §HEEP BREEDING AND at the base
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248 SHEEP BREEDING AND ceeding ages
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250 SHEEP BREEDING AND Minerva, who
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252 SHEEP BREEDING AND natural feat
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254 SHEEP BREEDING AND of remark, t
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CHAPTER II. SHEEP-BREEDING AND PAST
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258 SHEEP BREEDING AND " I will set
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260 SHEEP BREEDING AND for the nymp
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262 SHEEP BREEDING AND which they w
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264 SHEEP BREEDING AND the comparis
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266 SHEEP BREEDING AND pretence dro
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268 SHEEP BREEDING AND Taientine, b
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270 SHEEP BREEDING AND Sybaris, bla
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272 SHEEP BREEDING AND Did thy wool
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274 SHEEP BREEDING AND Scutana, whi
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27G SHEEP BREEDING AND and clothier
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278 SHEEP BREEDING AND The reader w
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280 SHEEP BREEDING AND impression,
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CHAPTER III. SHEEP BREEDING AND PAS
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284 SHEEP BREEDING AND in the most
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286 SHEEP BREEDING AND colored brow
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288 SHEEP BREEDING AND have been al
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290 SHEEP BREEDING AND The customs
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292 SHEEP BREEDING AND expressions
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294 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. of
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296 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. th
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298 AXCIEXT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. he
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300 ANCIEXT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. sa
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302 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. mi
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304 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. ha
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306 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. pu
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308 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE GOAT. of
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310 BEAVERS-WOOL. " An upper garmen
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CHAPTER VI. CAMELS-WOOL AND CAMELS-
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314 CAMELS'-WOOL AND CAMELs'-HAIR.
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;^ ^
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316 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. ton, an
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318 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. in the
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320 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. Also th
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322 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. the Kal
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324 THE COTTOX MANUFACTURE. been al
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326 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. Tenuai
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328 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. There a
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330 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. preciou
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332 THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. . color
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334 ANCIENT HISTORY OF and almost i
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'^'^'* ANCIENT HISTORY OF ^Ve or th
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338 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Mr. Ralph Fi
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340 ANCIENT HISTORY OF assemblage o
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342 ANCIENT HISTORY OF fingers dry
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344 ANCIENT HISTORY OP and cleaning
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346 ANCIENT HISTORY OF bodily exert
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— 348 ANCIENT HISTORY OF publishe
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— 350 ANCIENT HISTORY OF ED THE R
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352 ANCIENT HISTORY OF " That the f
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354 ANCIENT HISTORY OP replace it h
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356 ANCIENT HISTORY OP COMPARATIVE
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PART FOURTH. ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE
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360 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Stiabo, Pano
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362 A^-CIENT history of he had an o
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364 ANCIENT HISTORY OF in the banda
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366 ANCIENT HISTORY OF companied th
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368 AK^CIENT HISTORY OF linen only,
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370 ANCIENT HISTORY OP planation. T
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372 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Ptolemy Epip
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374 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Pollux and s
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376 ANCIENT HISTORY OF general appl
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378 ANCIENT HISTORY OF produced, i.
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380 ANCIENT HISTORY OP Palestine, a
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382 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Lam. ii. 20,
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384 ANCIENT HISTORY OF Setabis et t
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386 ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE LINEN MA
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388 CULTIVATION AND USES OF horses,
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390 CULTIVATION AND USES OF 2. The
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CHAPTER HI. ASBESTOS. Uses of Asbes
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394 USES OF ASBESTOS, dant qu'il le
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396 USES OF ASBESTOS. Great Khan. I
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Page 460: 414 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF APPENDIX
Page 466 and 467: 416 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the cold
Page 468 and 469: 418 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF 0aKTpov,
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Page 472 and 473: 422 MANUFACTVRE AND USE OP leus fro
Page 474 and 475: 424 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF sian cap
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Page 478 and 479: 428 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF Callimac
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Page 482 and 483: 432 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF monly wo
Page 484 and 485: 434 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the fanc
Page 486 and 487: 436 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF APPENDIX
Page 488 and 489: 438 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF the wild
Page 490 and 491: 440 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF At puer
Page 494 and 495: 444 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF that the
Page 496 and 497: 446 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF net cons
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Page 500 and 501: 450 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF Lydians
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Page 504 and 505: 454 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF both the
Page 506 and 507: 456 MANUFACTURE AND tSE OP Let this
Page 508 and 509: 458 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF viii. 12
Page 510 and 511: 460 MANUFACTURE AND USE OP full of
Page 512 and 513: 462 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF taken al
Page 514 and 515: 464 MANUFACTURE AND USE OF NETS BY
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