International Organization for Migration (IOM)

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Improving Access to Labour market Information for migrants and employers 214 strategic skills to navigate the Internet are increasingly disadvantaged. This suggests that there is an ongoing need for digital skills training to ensure that individuals have the necessary skills and also to ensure that they have access to the Internet. Rather than provide specific programmes directed at labour migrants to help them integrate into the United Kingdom labour market and society, there has been a trend towards personalized delivery in public employment and related services. Here the personal adviser plays a key role in identifying and tailoring support to individuals’ needs. This means that personal advisers themselves need to have an awareness of the issues faced by labour migrants/third-country nationals and of the local support services available to them. Training modules/toolkits developed by European-funded projects (such as IMPACT [outlined in Chapter 3]) are helpful here. (Organizations such as NIACE [National Institute of Adult Continuing Education], which was involved in the IMPACT project, have an ongoing role to play in helping support migrant integration.) A flexible approach has the advantage of recognizing the heterogeneity of thirdcountry nationals and their individual needs. Within a model in which prime contractors play a key role in service delivery many specialist services for thirdcountry nationals (particularly those who are most disadvantaged in the labour market) are outsourced to subcontractors with specific expertise in supporting ethnic minorities and non-United Kingdom nationals. Some of these services are delivered by community-based organizations who are struggling to maintain services in the context of public spending cuts and the general move from a grant-based model of delivery to a contracting model of payment by results. It is possible that at a time of austerity measures improvement to equal access to services becomes less likely. References Achato, L., M. Eaton and C. Jones 2010 The migrant journey. Home Office Research Report 43, Home Office, London. Atfield, G. et al. 2011 The impact of student and migrant employment on opportunities for low skilled people. Evidence Report 32, UK Commission for Employment and Skills. Wath-upon-Dearne and London. BCC 2011 The Workforce Survey: micro businesses. British Chambers of Commerce, London, August. Borkert, M., P. Cingolani and V. Premazzi 2009 The state of the art of research in the EU on the uptake and use of ICT by Immigrants and Ethnic Minorities (IEM). Joint Research Centre – IPTS, European Commission, Seville. Centre for Social Justice 2011 Creating opportunities, rewarding ambition: the value of entry level jobs. Centre for Social Justice, London, July. CIPD 2012 Labour Market Outlook – Winter 2011-12. CIPD, London. Davies, B. et al 2012 UK Commission’s Employer Skills Survey 2011: UK results. Evidence Report 41. UK Commission for Employment and Skills, Wath-upon-Dearne and London.
Davies, M. and J. Owers 2012 Immigration: managing the legal issues. Presentation to CIPD South West London Branch, 1 May 2012. Dench, S. et al. 2006 Employers’ use of migrant labour: main report. Home Office Online Report 04/06, Home Office, London. Devitt, C. 2012 Labour migration governance in contemporary Europe – the UK case. Fieri Working Papers, LAB_MIG_GOV Project: Which labour market governance for a more dynamic and inclusive Europe?. Diminescu, D. 2008 The connected migrant: and epistemological manifesto. Social Science Information 47, 565-579. Findlay, A. et al. 2012 Imagining and producing the ‘good’ migrant: The role of recruitment agencies in shaping bodily goodness. Centre for Population Change Working Paper 19, UK. George, A. et al. 2012 Skilled immigration and strategically important skills in the UK economy. Report to the Migration Advisory Committee, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London. Green, A.E. 2007 Local action on labour market integration of new arrivals: issues and dilemmas for policy. Local Economy, 22(4), 349-361. Green, A.E., D. Owen and P. Jones 2007 The economic impact of migrant workers in the West Midlands. Learning and Skills Council and Advantage West Midlands, Birmingham. Gregg, P. 2008 Realising potential: A vision for personalised conditionality and support. An Independent Report to the Department for Work and Pensions. The Stationery Office, London. Gregg, P. and J. Wadsworth 2010 Employment in the 2008–2009 recession. Economic and Labour Market Review 4(8), 37-43. Hasluck, C. and T. Hogarth 2008 MEN Employment Survey 2007. Institute for Employment Research for Manchester Evening News, IER, University of Warwick, Coventry. Hussein, S., J. Manthorpe and M. Stevens 2010 People in places: a qualitative exploration of recruitment agencies’ perspectives on the employment of international social workers in the UK. British Journal of Social Work 40, 1000–1016. Jones, K. 2012 A business in temporary migrant labour: the role of temporary staffing agencies in facilitating labour migration into the UK. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Manchester, Manchester. Kanbur, R. and H. Rapoport 2005 Migration selectivity and the evolution of spatial inequality. Journal of Economic Geography 5(1), 43–57. Krenn, M. and B. Haidinger 2008 Un(der)documented migrant labour – characteristics, conditions and labour market impacts. Thematic report prepared under the theme: Migration flows and labour market impacts. Undocumented Worker Transitions, EU Sixth Framework Programme. Matthews, G. and M. Ruhs 2007 Are you being served? Employer demand for migrant labour in the UK’s hospitality sector. COMPAS Working Paper WP-07-51, University of Oxford, Oxford. McKay, S. 2009 Employer use of migrant labour – motivations, experiences and HR responses. ACAS Research Paper 03/09. ACAS, London. country studIes – UNITED KINGDOM 215
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International Organization for Migr
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tAbLe of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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3.1. Assessment and validation of f
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Acronyms ACS American Community Sur
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NOC(S National Occupation Classific
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LIst of tAbLes Table 7.1: Legal pro
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ImprovIng Access to LAbour mArket I
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Improving Access to Labour market I
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GERMANY 6 Amelie f. constant and ul
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and Zimmermann (2012) explain the G
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Recent legal changes and amendments
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Some public initiatives that should
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to an unlimited time period. No fur
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about foreign educational systems,
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of the total net immigration. Afric
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country, the number of high-skilled
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International migration largely occ
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provide indirect evidence on this i
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the placement of such persons into
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caution since their positive effect
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youths require more time to turn su
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largely prevents easy and comprehen
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DIHK 2012 Integration sichert Zukun
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ITALY 7 francesco fasani 26 Abstrac
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1.1. Labour market trends Current t
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only in 1998 with the Turco-Napolit
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Table 7.1: Legal provisions for the
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The situation is different for medi
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training institutions, and so forth
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Table 7.4: Planned non-seasonal hir
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Allasino, Reyneri, Venturini, and Z
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share of positive answers of Italia
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Table 7.5: Job search strategies of
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Table 7.7: Job search strategies of
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Table 7.9: Main channels used to fi
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As far as formal channels of job se
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level of education, undocumented mi
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How did you find your current or la
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other network members are already e
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of legally accessing the Italian la
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for instance, for positions where c
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Bertrand, M. and S. Mullainathan 20
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Moual, K. 2012 August 28 Immigrati,
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POLAND 8 maciej duszczyk 61 Abstrac
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may not be deemed sufficient for co
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Any evaluation of the scale of empl
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e deemed as easy to follow for both
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Assessment of the present awareness
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foreign national does not acquire t
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Activities of employers’ organiza
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(it is at its lowest in micro-busin
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2.2. Supply side: prospective migra
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option to recruit such foreigners.
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demonstrated that the process of se
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ooted opinion within Polish society
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do so mainly through informal chann
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Annex Annex 3.I: Interviews on acce
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SWEDEN9 henrik emilsson and karin m
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share of employment has halved sinc
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orn abroad between the ages of 16 a
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driven by demand. The biggest chang
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