International Organization for Migration (IOM)

Recommendations

Info

Improving Access to Labour market Information for migrants and employers 224 industries which are enjoying global booms, such as oil and other natural resources, are the largest, both in terms of level and growth. Figure 11.2 provides an illustration of the level of regional variation in industry structure. In Newfoundland, mentioned above, mining and oil and gas extraction comprised 26.7 per cent of provincial GDP in 2011, compared to 4.5 per cent for Canada and 19.2 per cent for Alberta, the province with the next highest share of its GDP comprised of output from mining and oil and gas extraction. This is only meant to foreshadow an important theme of this report, that provincial input and even control of the composition and level of immigration has proven to be advantageous in Canada, due to the diverse labour market needs of different regions. Figure 11.2: Share of GDP using 2002 chained dollars for selected industries by North American Industry Classification System, Canada and selected provinces, 2011 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Canada Newfoundland and Labrador Source: CANSIM Tables 379-0025 and 379-0027. Ontario Alberta Health care and social assistance Public administration Professional, scientific and technical services Construction Finance and insurance, real estate and renting and leasing and management of companies and enterprises Manufacturing Mining and oil and gas extraction It is also important to recognize that Canada’s workforce is aging. While the proportion of the population that is working age (aged 15 to 64) has held constant at 68 to 69 per cent between 1981 and 2011, the median age has increased from 30.6 to 39.9 years over the same time period. Furthermore, population projections given in Table 11.1 show that by 2031, the percentage of the population aged 15 to 64 will decline to between 62 and 61 per cent, given reasonable assumptions of a fertility rate between 1.5 and 1.7 births per woman and national effective immigration between 240,000 and 252,000 persons from 2011 to 2014, and between 0.60 and 0.75 per cent of the population after 2014. This does not necessarily imply that the labour force decrease will be proportional to the decrease in the proportion of population that is working age; it may be offset by a higher labour force participation rate. Nevertheless, this does underscore the pressures an ageing population is placing on Canada, and the necessity of a flexible immigration system.
Table 11.1: Population and demographic projections, Canada, 2010–2031 (thousands) All ages Low-Growth Scenarion Medium-Growth Scenario 15 to 64 Share of population aged 15 to 64 (per cent) All ages 15 to 64 Share of population aged 15 to 64 (per cent) 2010 34,103 23,675 69.4 34,138 23,686 69.4 2011 34,455 23,876 69.3 34,532 23,898 69.2 2012 34,792 24,004 69.0 34,922 24,037 68.8 2013 35,086 24,096 68.7 35,318 24,172 68.4 2014 35,368 24,178 68.4 35,713 24,299 68.0 2015 35,643 24,250 68.0 36,105 24,418 67.6 2016 35,913 24,304 67.7 36,495 24,520 67.2 2017 36,176 24,346 67.3 36,883 24,612 66.7 2018 36,433 24,370 66.9 37,267 24,687 66.2 2019 36,682 24,378 66.5 37,647 24,749 65.7 2020 36,928 24,372 66.0 38,028 24,797 65.2 2021 37,171 24,372 65.6 38,409 24,853 64.7 2022 37,411 24,369 65.1 38,789 24,908 64.2 2023 37,646 24,369 64.7 39,168 24,967 63.7 2024 37,876 24,373 64.3 39,546 25,031 63.3 2025 38,101 24,360 63.9 39,921 25,099 62.9 2026 38,320 24,338 63.5 40,293 25,166 62.5 2027 38,532 24,316 63.1 40,662 25,242 62.1 2028 38,738 24,277 62.7 41,027 25,310 61.7 2029 38,938 24,240 62.3 41,388 25,389 61.3 2030 39,130 24,223 61.9 41,746 25,490 61.1 2031 39,315 24,244 61.7 42,100 25,632 60.9 Annual Average Growth rate (%) 0.71 0.12 -0.59 0.39 -0.65 -0.65 Source: CANSIM Table 052-0005. Note: Low-growth scenario assumes (M1 in original) fertility rate of 1.5 births per woman from 2014 on, life expectancy steadily trending up to 82.3 years for males and 86.0 years for females by 2036, constant national effective of 240,000. Medium-growth scenario (M2 in original) assumes constant total fertility rate of 1.7 births per woman; life expectancy trending up to 84.0 years for males and 87.3 years for females by 2036; a constant national effective. 1.2 Canadian immigration in context The Canadian immigration system is comprised of three main categories of immigrants: economic class immigrants (referred to simply as economic immigrants throughout the report), family class immigrants, and refugees. Separate from this country studIes – CANADA 225
Page 1:
International Organization for Migr
Page 5 and 6:
tAbLe of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 7 and 8:
3.1. Assessment and validation of f
Page 9 and 10:
Acronyms ACS American Community Sur
Page 11 and 12:
NOC(S National Occupation Classific
Page 13 and 14:
LIst of tAbLes Table 7.1: Legal pro
Page 15:
ImprovIng Access to LAbour mArket I
Page 18 and 19:
Improving Access to Labour market I
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 59 and 60:
GERMANY 6 Amelie f. constant and ul
Page 61 and 62:
and Zimmermann (2012) explain the G
Page 63 and 64:
Recent legal changes and amendments
Page 65 and 66:
Some public initiatives that should
Page 67 and 68:
to an unlimited time period. No fur
Page 69 and 70:
about foreign educational systems,
Page 71 and 72:
of the total net immigration. Afric
Page 73 and 74:
country, the number of high-skilled
Page 75 and 76:
International migration largely occ
Page 77 and 78:
provide indirect evidence on this i
Page 79 and 80:
the placement of such persons into
Page 81 and 82:
caution since their positive effect
Page 83 and 84:
youths require more time to turn su
Page 85 and 86:
largely prevents easy and comprehen
Page 87 and 88:
DIHK 2012 Integration sichert Zukun
Page 89 and 90:
ITALY 7 francesco fasani 26 Abstrac
Page 91 and 92:
1.1. Labour market trends Current t
Page 93 and 94:
only in 1998 with the Turco-Napolit
Page 95 and 96:
Table 7.1: Legal provisions for the
Page 97 and 98:
The situation is different for medi
Page 99 and 100:
training institutions, and so forth
Page 101 and 102:
Table 7.4: Planned non-seasonal hir
Page 103 and 104:
Allasino, Reyneri, Venturini, and Z
Page 105 and 106:
share of positive answers of Italia
Page 107 and 108:
Table 7.5: Job search strategies of
Page 109 and 110:
Table 7.7: Job search strategies of
Page 111 and 112:
Table 7.9: Main channels used to fi
Page 113 and 114:
As far as formal channels of job se
Page 115 and 116:
level of education, undocumented mi
Page 117 and 118:
How did you find your current or la
Page 119 and 120:
other network members are already e
Page 121 and 122:
of legally accessing the Italian la
Page 123 and 124:
for instance, for positions where c
Page 125 and 126:
Bertrand, M. and S. Mullainathan 20
Page 127 and 128:
Moual, K. 2012 August 28 Immigrati,
Page 129 and 130:
POLAND 8 maciej duszczyk 61 Abstrac
Page 131 and 132:
may not be deemed sufficient for co
Page 133 and 134:
Any evaluation of the scale of empl
Page 135 and 136:
e deemed as easy to follow for both
Page 137 and 138:
Assessment of the present awareness
Page 139 and 140:
foreign national does not acquire t
Page 141 and 142:
Activities of employers’ organiza
Page 143 and 144:
(it is at its lowest in micro-busin
Page 145 and 146:
2.2. Supply side: prospective migra
Page 147 and 148:
option to recruit such foreigners.
Page 149 and 150:
demonstrated that the process of se
Page 151 and 152:
ooted opinion within Polish society
Page 153 and 154:
do so mainly through informal chann
Page 155 and 156:
Annex Annex 3.I: Interviews on acce
Page 157 and 158:
SWEDEN9 henrik emilsson and karin m
Page 159 and 160:
share of employment has halved sinc
Page 161 and 162:
orn abroad between the ages of 16 a
Page 163 and 164:
driven by demand. The biggest chang
Page 165 and 166:
to 2011. Considering that the numbe
Page 167 and 168:
At the same time there are several
Page 169 and 170:
Employment organizations and indivi
Page 171 and 172:
(TUCW, 2012). The work permit is co
Page 173 and 174:
TS; 2012). Another recruitment chan
Page 175 and 176: The Swedish Institute’s portal is
Page 177 and 178: 3.1. Assessment and validation of f
Page 179 and 180: 2006). To strengthen their competit
Page 181 and 182: Theoretically, this change may have
Page 183 and 184: surplus of native workers. Labour m
Page 185 and 186: Interviews BMC: Kundu, P. CEO, BeeM
Page 187 and 188: UNITED KINGDOM Anne e. green and da
Page 189 and 190: the recession the average number of
Page 191 and 192: Medium-term employment outlook Look
Page 193 and 194: This demand-led scheme was suppleme
Page 195 and 196: Table 10.4: Details of the United K
Page 197 and 198: (LFS). 99 Administrative data (for
Page 199 and 200: Table 10.7 reveals that amongst thi
Page 201 and 202: date with the latest changes and po
Page 203 and 204: It was generally thought that illeg
Page 205 and 206: seeking personal recommendations fr
Page 207 and 208: Although given the nature and size
Page 209 and 210: The EU immigration portal131 serves
Page 211 and 212: is required for indefinite leave to
Page 213 and 214: 3.3. The role of public employment
Page 215 and 216: The United Kingdom government has e
Page 217 and 218: Davies, M. and J. Owers 2012 Immigr
Page 219: country studIes edited by maria vin
Page 222 and 223: Improving Access to Labour market I
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
show all

International Organization for Migration (IOM)

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?