International Organization for Migration (IOM)

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Improving Access to Labour market Information for migrants and employers 282 Freeman, R. B. 2008 Is A Great Labor Shortage Coming? Replacement Demand in the Global Economy. In Global Imbalances and the Evolving World Economy, Ed. Jane Sneddon Little, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts. Galessell-Brown, E. 1998 Use of Immigration Policy to Manage Nursing Shortages. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 30 (4): 306 – 401. Government Accounting Office (GAO) 2003 Better Tracking Needed to Help Determine H-1B Program’s Effects on U.S. Workforce, US General Accounting Office, GAO-03-883, Washington, D.C. 2004 Workforce Challenges and Opportunities For the 21st Century: Changing Labor Force Dynamics and the Role of Government Policies, US General Accounting Office, GAO-04-845SP, Washington, D.C. 2009 Diverse Federal and State Efforts to Support Adult English Language Learning Could Benefit from More Coordination, US General Accounting Office, GAO-09-575, Washington, D.C. Goldstein, B., B. Howe and I.Tamir 2010 Weeding out abuses. Washington, DC: Oxfam America and Farm Worker Justice. Hanson, G. 2007 The Economic Logic of Illegal Immigration, Council Special Report No. 26, Council on Foreign Relations, April. Hanson, G. and C. McIntosh 2010 The Great Mexican Emigration. Review of Economics and Statistics,92 (4): 798-810. Hernandez, J.C. 2011 Despite City Crackdown, Immigrants Still are often cheated by Job Agencies, New York Times, 15 May. Kaestner, R. and N. Kaushal 2012 Effect of Nurse Immigration on Employment and Earnings of U.S. Nurses. Journal of Urban Economics, 71 (2): 219-229. Kaiser, T. 2012 Nearly All H-1B Visas Used for 2013; Tech Companies Push for Increased Availability, Dailytech, 12 June. Kaushal, N. 2005 New Immigrants’ Location Choices: Magnets without Welfare. Journal of Labor Economics, 23 (1): 59-80. 2006 Amnesty Programs and the Labor Market Outcomes of Undocumented Workers. Journal of Human Resources, 14 (3): 631-647. 2011 Earning Trajectories of Highly-Educated Immigrants: Does Place of Education Matter? Industrial & Labor Relations Review, Vol. 64, No. 2, article 6. Kaushal, N. and M. Fix 2006 The Contributions of High-Skilled Immigrants, Insight, No.16. Migration Policy Institute: Washington DC. Lee, M. A. and M. Mather 2008 U.S. Labor Force Trends, Population Bulletin 63 (2). Lovell, V. 2006 Solving the Nursing Shortage through Higher Wages, Institute for Women’s Policy Research Publication C363A., Institute for Women’s Policy Research, Washington, DC. Malos, S. 2001 Employment Discrimination Based on Immigration Status: Recent Cases Involving H-1B Visas, Employ Response Rights J, Published online: May 17, 2011.
Massey, D. et al. 1998 Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. National Academy of Sciences 2006 Rising Above The Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy. Needleman, J. et al. 2002 Nurse-staffing levels and quality of care in hospitals. The New England Journal of Medicine; 346: 1415–1422. Passel, J. and D. Cohn. 2009 Mexican Immigrants: How Many Come? How Many Leave? Pew Hispanic Center Report, Washington DC. Pittman, P. et al. 2007 U.S.-Based International Nurse Recruitment: Structure and Practices of a Burgeoning Industry. Report on Year 1 of the Project International Recruitment of Nurses to the United States: Toward a Consensus on Ethical Standards of Practice. AcademyHealth, Washington DC. Pittman, P. et al. 2012 Immigration and contract problems experienced by foreign-educated nurses.” Med Care Res Rev., 69(3):351-65. Ruiz, N.G., J.H.Wilson and Choudhury 2012 The Search for Skills: Demand for H-1B Immigrant Workers in U.S. Metropolitan Areas. Metropolitan Policy Program Report. Brookings Institute, Washington: DC. Toossi, Mitra. 2006 A new look at long-term labor force projections to 2050. Monthly Labor Review, pp. 19-39. 2012. Labor force projections to 2020: a more slowly growing workforce. Monthly LaborReview, January:43-64. Trucios-Haynes, E. 2002 Temporary Workers and Future Immigration Policy Conflicts: Protecting U.S. Workers and Satisfying the Demand for Global Human Capital”, 40 Brandeis Law Journal 967. U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2012 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011. Washington, D.C.: Office of Immigration Statistics. Wainer, A. 2011 Farm Workers and Immigration Policy, Briefing paper No. 12, Bread for the World Institute, Washington: DC. Wasem, R. E. 2012 Immigration of Foreign Nationals with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Degrees. CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC. country studIes – UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 283
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International Organization for Migr
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tAbLe of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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3.1. Assessment and validation of f
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Acronyms ACS American Community Sur
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NOC(S National Occupation Classific
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LIst of tAbLes Table 7.1: Legal pro
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ImprovIng Access to LAbour mArket I
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Improving Access to Labour market I
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GERMANY 6 Amelie f. constant and ul
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and Zimmermann (2012) explain the G
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Recent legal changes and amendments
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Some public initiatives that should
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to an unlimited time period. No fur
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about foreign educational systems,
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of the total net immigration. Afric
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country, the number of high-skilled
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International migration largely occ
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provide indirect evidence on this i
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the placement of such persons into
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caution since their positive effect
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youths require more time to turn su
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largely prevents easy and comprehen
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DIHK 2012 Integration sichert Zukun
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ITALY 7 francesco fasani 26 Abstrac
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1.1. Labour market trends Current t
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only in 1998 with the Turco-Napolit
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Table 7.1: Legal provisions for the
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The situation is different for medi
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training institutions, and so forth
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Table 7.4: Planned non-seasonal hir
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Allasino, Reyneri, Venturini, and Z
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share of positive answers of Italia
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Table 7.5: Job search strategies of
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Table 7.7: Job search strategies of
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Table 7.9: Main channels used to fi
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As far as formal channels of job se
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level of education, undocumented mi
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How did you find your current or la
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other network members are already e
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of legally accessing the Italian la
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for instance, for positions where c
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Bertrand, M. and S. Mullainathan 20
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Moual, K. 2012 August 28 Immigrati,
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POLAND 8 maciej duszczyk 61 Abstrac
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may not be deemed sufficient for co
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Any evaluation of the scale of empl
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e deemed as easy to follow for both
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Assessment of the present awareness
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foreign national does not acquire t
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Activities of employers’ organiza
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(it is at its lowest in micro-busin
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2.2. Supply side: prospective migra
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option to recruit such foreigners.
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demonstrated that the process of se
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ooted opinion within Polish society
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do so mainly through informal chann
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Annex Annex 3.I: Interviews on acce
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SWEDEN9 henrik emilsson and karin m
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share of employment has halved sinc
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orn abroad between the ages of 16 a
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driven by demand. The biggest chang
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to 2011. Considering that the numbe
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At the same time there are several
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Employment organizations and indivi
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(TUCW, 2012). The work permit is co
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TS; 2012). Another recruitment chan
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The Swedish Institute’s portal is
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3.1. Assessment and validation of f
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2006). To strengthen their competit
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Theoretically, this change may have
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surplus of native workers. Labour m
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Interviews BMC: Kundu, P. CEO, BeeM
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UNITED KINGDOM Anne e. green and da
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the recession the average number of
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Medium-term employment outlook Look
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This demand-led scheme was suppleme
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Table 10.4: Details of the United K
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(LFS). 99 Administrative data (for
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Table 10.7 reveals that amongst thi
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date with the latest changes and po
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It was generally thought that illeg
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seeking personal recommendations fr
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Although given the nature and size
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The EU immigration portal131 serves
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is required for indefinite leave to
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3.3. The role of public employment
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The United Kingdom government has e
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Davies, M. and J. Owers 2012 Immigr
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country studIes edited by maria vin
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