DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines - Eat For Health

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Appendix 2. Process report In 2003, NHMRC issued the Dietary Guidelines for Australian Adults and Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents in Australia, having already issued Dietary Guidelines for Older Australians in 1999. With a policy of reviewing guidelines every five years, NHMRC in collaboration with the Healthy Living Branch of the Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA) commenced a review of the suite of Dietary Guidelines in 2008. The above three reports have now been combined into one set of Australian Dietary Guidelines. The Australian Dietary Guidelines provide a resource that promotes the benefits of healthy eating to improve community health and wellbeing and to reduce the risk of diet-related disease. The Guidelines are intended for healthy members of the general population of any age, including people with common diet-related risk factors such as being overweight. They are not intended for people with medical conditions who require specialised dietary advice, or for the frail elderly who are at risk of malnutrition. The target audience of the Guidelines includes health professionals (including dietitians, nutritionists, general practitioners and nurses/lactation consultants), educators, government policy makers (for example, the government departments of health), the food industry and other interested parties. Other resources are being developed from the Guidelines for other target audiences. RaggAhmed was commissioned in October 2010 by NHMRC through a Request for Quote process through the NHMRC technical writing panel to edit the draft chapters and collate them into one succinct report. A2.1 Contributors An expert working committee (the Working Committee), chaired by Dr Amanda Lee and deputy-chaired by Professor Colin Binns, was appointed in April 2008 to guide, advise and author the redevelopment of the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Representatives from DoHA attended working committee meetings as observers. A2.1.1 Members of the Working Committee Dr Amanda Lee (Chair) Professor Colin Binns (Deputy Chair) Dr Geoffrey Annison (from August 2010) Professor Sandra Capra, AM Professor Peter Davies A/Professor Sharon Friel Ms Clare Hughes A/Professor Mark Lawrence DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 156
Professor Dorothy Mackerras Dr David Roberts (until May 2010) Dr Rosemary Stanton, OAM Professor Linda Tapsell A2.1.2 NHMRC project team Ms Cathy Connor Ms Bronwyn Battisson Ms Marisa Bialowas Mrs Marion Carey Ms Cheryl Cooke Ms Vesna Cvjeticanin Ms Emma Milde Ms Tess Winslade A2.1.3 Department of Health and Ageing project team Ms Erica Nixon Ms Caroline Arthur Ms Marina Dron Ms Erica Kneipp Ms Jacinta McDonald Ms Bronia Rowe Ms Leticia White A2.1.4 Contractors Sky Newton, Adelaide Health Technology Philippa Middleton, methodologist, University of Adelaide Dr Katrine Baghurst (Australian Guide to Healthy Eating) RaggAhmed, technical writers Simon Grose, editor Dr Rachel Nowak, consultant in science policy, analysis and communication Quantum Market Research, health professional and consumer focus group testing A2.2 Literature review In the past, the Dietary Guidelines have provided recommendations based on evidence including that of nutrients and associations with health outcomes. However, as people eat foods rather than isolated nutrients, the Working Committee determined that the literature review should primarily DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 157
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Australian Dietary Guidelines Incor
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Australian Dietary Guidelines Austr
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2.4.4 Practical considerations: Lea
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1. Introduction 1.1 Why the Guideli
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income, education, cultural influen
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The Evidence Report (A review of th
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1.4 How the Guidelines were develop
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Levels of evidence in public health
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the study results were generalisabl
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Table 1.1: Changes in macronutrient
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population. NHMRC intends to work w
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Figure 1.2: Australian Guide to Hea
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Executive Summary Dietary patterns
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Consuming a wide variety of foods m
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varieties within each food group, f
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2.1.4.6 People in lower socioeconom
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vegetable intake and cancer has foc
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Endometrial, Ovarian and pancreatic
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2.2.3.2 Cancer Colorectal cancer: E
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2.2.4.2 Cancer Alimentary tract can
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2.2.5.2 Cancer mechanisms There is
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Table 2.1: Recommended number of se
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increasing appetites. Unless prescr
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2.3.2.1 Cardiovascular disease, typ
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Table 2.3: Recommended number of se
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2.4 Lean meat and poultry, fish, eg
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interpret because of widely varying
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2.4.2.3.1 Fish: Cardiovascular dise
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Smoked, salted and chemically prese
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Depending on age and sex, health be
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2.4.4.6 Vegetarians For several nut
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Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
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2.5.3 How drinking milk and eating
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2.5.4.1 Pregnant and breastfeeding
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the recent review [14]. Many common
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2.6.2.3 Other conditions Dental car
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Where to next Both the quality and
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Executive summary This Guideline em
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3.1.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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In the longer term, the review cond
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The P:M:S ratio is a useful tool in
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3.2.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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3.2.3 How limiting intake of foods
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3.2.4.4 Older people Taste percepti
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No large studies have measured the
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Excess weight: Many foods containin
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etter health outcomes than those wh
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Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
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Dementia: The evidence suggests an
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Drinking coffee, having a cold show
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In the absence of any research to q
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Executive summary Healthy weight is
Page 105 and 106: prevalence of obesity alone is high
Page 107 and 108: Compared to having a BMI between 18
Page 109 and 110: 4.1.3.2 Energy intake and trend dat
Page 111 and 112: 4.1.3.4 Energy intake from specific
Page 113 and 114: 4.1.4.2 Benefits of physical activi
Page 115 and 116: 4.2.1 Primary prevention Diet and p
Page 117 and 118: and consistent evidence that dietar
Page 119 and 120: 4.2.2 Secondary prevention Behaviou
Page 121 and 122: Table 4.4 A stepped model for the m
Page 123 and 124: Taller or larger and more active ad
Page 125 and 126: Table 4.5 2010 Institute of Medicin
Page 127 and 128: For older, taller or more active ch
Page 129 and 130: Most older people will benefit from
Page 131 and 132: 5. Encourage and support breastfeed
Page 133 and 134: 5.1 Setting the scene The World Hea
Page 135 and 136: Evidence Statement Grade Exclusive
Page 137 and 138: Table 5.1 Factors associated with d
Page 139 and 140: 5.2.4 Other benefits Sudden Infant
Page 141 and 142: 5.3.1.3 Mothers in the workplace Ev
Page 143 and 144: 5.3.1.3 Community support The succe
Page 145 and 146: Executive summary More than five mi
Page 147 and 148: [929]. Fresh fruit and vegetables c
Page 149 and 150: contamination (see above) avoided.
Page 151 and 152: 1989 - 1995 Composition of Foods, A
Page 153 and 154: 2001 Eat Well Australia: An Agenda
Page 155: 2011 A Review of the Evidence to Ad
Page 159 and 160: Level III-2 - A comparative study w
Page 161 and 162: food options to meet additional ene
Page 163 and 164: Appendix 3. Assessing growth and he
Page 165 and 166: Table A3.1 International BMI cut-of
Page 167 and 168: A3.1.6 Z-scores and percentiles: Co
Page 169 and 170: Appendix 4. Physical activity guide
Page 171 and 172: Suggested activities include: mode
Page 173 and 174: Appendix 5. Studies examining the h
Page 175 and 176: that further specific studies are r
Page 177 and 178: Table A6.2 Energy and alcohol conte
Page 179 and 180: The economic, social and cultural f
Page 181 and 182: A diet consistent with the Guidelin
Page 183 and 184: In other more recent studies, highe
Page 185 and 186: A7.4 Aboriginal and Torres Strait I
Page 187 and 188: A7.4.3.2. Aboriginal people living
Page 189 and 190: Mortality rates for people born ove
Page 191 and 192: Appendix 8: Glossary Adequate Intak
Page 193 and 194: Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are pol
Page 195 and 196: Exclusive breastfeeding Means an in
Page 197 and 198: Legume/Beans Refers to all forms of
Page 199 and 200: Older adults For the purposes of th
Page 201 and 202: Reduced fat products For a food to
Page 203 and 204: celery and asparagus), gourd vegeta
Page 205 and 206: Evidence Statement Grade Fruit Cons
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Table A9.2: Evidence statements (Gr
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References 1. Rayner, M. and P. Sca
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27. Wilkinson, R. and M. Marmot, So
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54. Hawkins, S.S., T.J. Cole, and C
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81. Hesketh, K., M. Wake, and E. Wa
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107. McCullough, M.L., et al., Diet
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135. Brimblecombe, J.K. and K. O’
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162. Kreimer, A.R., et al., Diet an
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189. Ward, H.A., et al., Breast, co
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216. Paolini, M., et al., Beta-caro
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244. Kelly, S.A., et al., Wholegrai
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270. Williams, P.G., et al., Cereal
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297. Garcia-Closas, R., et al., Foo
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324. Maclean, C.H., et al., Effects
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349. Vander Wal, J.S., et al., Egg
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376. Elwood, P.C., et al., The surv
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404. Javaid, M.K., et al., Maternal
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430. Lagiou, P., et al., Intake of
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458. Vartanian, L.R., M.B. Schwartz
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486. Lopez-Ridaura, R., et al., Mag
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512. Kratz, M., et al., The impact
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537. Daniels, S.R. and F.R. Greer,
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562. Cook, N.R., et al., Joint effe
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588. Burt, B.A., et al., The effect
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615. Ronksley, P.E., et al., Associ
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642. Purdue, M.P., et al., Type of
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669. Arntzen, K., et al., Moderate
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696. Rokholm, B., J.L. Baker, and T
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724. Bensimhon, D.R., W.E. Kraus, a
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750. Centre for Epidemiology and Re
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776. Monasta, L., et al., Early-lif
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803. Prentice, A.M. and S.A. Jebb,
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830. Callaway, L.K., et al., The pr
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857. Australian Institute of Health
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885. Demmelmair, H., J. von Rosen,
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911. Duong, D.V., C.W. Binns, and A
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940. Cashel K, L.J., NUTTAB89-Nutri
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http://www.health.gov.au/internet/m
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995. Atlantis, E., E.H. Barnes, and
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1021. Australian Bureau of Statisti
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1049. Altman, J., Hunter-gatherers
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