DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines - Eat For Health

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550. Kawano, Y., et al., Report of the working group for dietary salt reduction of the Japanese Society of Hypertension: (1) Rationale for salt restriction and salt-restriction target level for the management of hypertension. Hypertension Research - Clinical & Experimental, 2007. 30(10): p. 879-86. 551. Jürgens, G. and A. Graudal Niels, Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterols, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004(1). 552. Hooper, L., et al., Advice to reduce dietary salt for prevention of cardiovascular disease.[update of Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(3):CD003656; PMID: 12917977]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004(1): p. CD003656. 553. He, F.J. and G.A. MacGregor, Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004(3): p. CD004937. 554. Geleijnse, J.M., F.J. Kok, and D.E. Grobbee, Impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western populations. European Journal of Public Health, 2004. 14(3): p. 235-239. 555. Geleijnse, J.M., F.J. Kok, and D.E. Grobbee, Blood pressure response to changes in sodium and potassium intake: a metaregression analysis of randomised trials. J Hum Hypertens, 2003. 17(7): p. 471-80. 556. Dickinson, K.M., J.B. Keogh, and P.M. Clifton, Effects of a low-salt diet on flow-mediated dilatation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr, 2009. 89(2): p. 485-490. 557. Dickinson, B.D. and S. Havas, Reducing the population burden of cardiovascular disease by reducing sodium intake: a report of the council on science and public health. Arch Intern Med, 2007. 167(14): p. 1460-1468. 558. Geleijnse, J.M. and D.E. Grobbee, High salt intake early in life: does it increase the risk of hypertension? J Hypertens, 2002. 20(11): p. 2121-2124. 559. Beevers, D.G., The epidemiology of salt and hypertension. Clinical Autonomic Research, 2002. 12(5): p. 353-7. 560. Chang, H.Y., et al., Effect of potassium-enriched salt on cardiovascular mortality and medical expenses of elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr, 2006. 83(6): p. 1289-96. 561. Cook, N.R., et al., Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational follow-up of the trials of hypertension prevention (TOHP). Br Med J, 2007. 334(7599): p. 885-888. DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 250
562. Cook, N.R., et al., Joint effects of sodium and potassium intake on subsequent cardiovascular disease: the Trials of Hypertension Prevention follow-up study. Arch Intern Med, 2009. 169(1): p. 32-40. 563. He, J., et al., Dietary sodium intake and incidence of congestive heart failure in overweight US men and women: first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Arch Intern Med, 2002. 162(14): p. 1619-1624. 564. Reddy, K.S. and M.B. Katan, Diet, nutrition and the prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases... Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: scientific background papers of the Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation (Geneva, 28 January-1 February 2002). Public Health Nutr, 2004. 7(1A): p. 167-186. 565. Lawes, C.M., S. Vander Hoorn, and A. Rodgers, Global burden of blood-pressure-related disease, 2001. Lancet, 2008. 371(9623): p. 1513-8. 566. Law, M.R., J.K. Morris, and N.J. Wald, Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. Br Med J, 2009. 338: p. b1665. 567. Key, T.J., et al., Diet, nutrition and the prevention of cancer. Public Health Nutr, 2004. 7(1A): p. 187-200. 568. Commonwealth Department of Health, Dietary guidelines for Australians, 1982: Canberra, ACT. 569. National Health and Medical Research Council, Dietary Guidelines for Australians, 1992, Commonwealth of Australia: Canberra. 570. Food Standards Australia and New Zealand, Final assessment report - Proposal P230 - Consideration of mandatory fortification with iodine for New Zeland, 2008, Food Standards Australia New Zealand. 571. Duley, L. and D. Henderson-Smart, Reduced salt intake compared to normal dietary salt, or high intake, in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1999(2): p. CD001687. 572. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Health expenditure Australia 2007-08, cat. no. HWE 46, 2009: Canberra, ACT. 573. Fiorito, L.M., et al., Girls' early sweetened carbonated beverage intake predicts different patterns of beverage and nutrient intake across childhood and adolescence. J Am Diet Assoc, 2010. 110(4): p. 543-550. DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 251
Page 1 and 2:
Australian Dietary Guidelines Incor
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Australian Dietary Guidelines Austr
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2.4.4 Practical considerations: Lea
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1. Introduction 1.1 Why the Guideli
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income, education, cultural influen
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The Evidence Report (A review of th
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1.4 How the Guidelines were develop
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Levels of evidence in public health
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the study results were generalisabl
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Table 1.1: Changes in macronutrient
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population. NHMRC intends to work w
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Figure 1.2: Australian Guide to Hea
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Executive Summary Dietary patterns
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Consuming a wide variety of foods m
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varieties within each food group, f
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2.1.4.6 People in lower socioeconom
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vegetable intake and cancer has foc
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Endometrial, Ovarian and pancreatic
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2.2.3.2 Cancer Colorectal cancer: E
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2.2.4.2 Cancer Alimentary tract can
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2.2.5.2 Cancer mechanisms There is
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Table 2.1: Recommended number of se
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increasing appetites. Unless prescr
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2.3.2.1 Cardiovascular disease, typ
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Table 2.3: Recommended number of se
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2.4 Lean meat and poultry, fish, eg
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interpret because of widely varying
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2.4.2.3.1 Fish: Cardiovascular dise
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Smoked, salted and chemically prese
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Depending on age and sex, health be
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2.4.4.6 Vegetarians For several nut
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Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
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2.5.3 How drinking milk and eating
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2.5.4.1 Pregnant and breastfeeding
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the recent review [14]. Many common
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2.6.2.3 Other conditions Dental car
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Where to next Both the quality and
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Executive summary This Guideline em
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3.1.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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In the longer term, the review cond
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The P:M:S ratio is a useful tool in
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3.2.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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3.2.3 How limiting intake of foods
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3.2.4.4 Older people Taste percepti
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No large studies have measured the
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Excess weight: Many foods containin
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etter health outcomes than those wh
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Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
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Dementia: The evidence suggests an
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Drinking coffee, having a cold show
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In the absence of any research to q
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Executive summary Healthy weight is
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prevalence of obesity alone is high
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Compared to having a BMI between 18
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4.1.3.2 Energy intake and trend dat
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4.1.3.4 Energy intake from specific
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4.1.4.2 Benefits of physical activi
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4.2.1 Primary prevention Diet and p
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and consistent evidence that dietar
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4.2.2 Secondary prevention Behaviou
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Table 4.4 A stepped model for the m
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Taller or larger and more active ad
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Table 4.5 2010 Institute of Medicin
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For older, taller or more active ch
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Most older people will benefit from
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5. Encourage and support breastfeed
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5.1 Setting the scene The World Hea
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Evidence Statement Grade Exclusive
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Table 5.1 Factors associated with d
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5.2.4 Other benefits Sudden Infant
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5.3.1.3 Mothers in the workplace Ev
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5.3.1.3 Community support The succe
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Executive summary More than five mi
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[929]. Fresh fruit and vegetables c
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contamination (see above) avoided.
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1989 - 1995 Composition of Foods, A
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2001 Eat Well Australia: An Agenda
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2011 A Review of the Evidence to Ad
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Professor Dorothy Mackerras Dr Dav
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Level III-2 - A comparative study w
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food options to meet additional ene
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Appendix 3. Assessing growth and he
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Table A3.1 International BMI cut-of
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A3.1.6 Z-scores and percentiles: Co
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Appendix 4. Physical activity guide
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Suggested activities include: mode
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Appendix 5. Studies examining the h
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that further specific studies are r
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Table A6.2 Energy and alcohol conte
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The economic, social and cultural f
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A diet consistent with the Guidelin
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In other more recent studies, highe
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A7.4 Aboriginal and Torres Strait I
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A7.4.3.2. Aboriginal people living
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Mortality rates for people born ove
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Appendix 8: Glossary Adequate Intak
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Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are pol
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Exclusive breastfeeding Means an in
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Legume/Beans Refers to all forms of
Page 199 and 200: Older adults For the purposes of th
Page 201 and 202: Reduced fat products For a food to
Page 203 and 204: celery and asparagus), gourd vegeta
Page 205 and 206: Evidence Statement Grade Fruit Cons
Page 207 and 208: Table A9.2: Evidence statements (Gr
Page 209 and 210: References 1. Rayner, M. and P. Sca
Page 211 and 212: 27. Wilkinson, R. and M. Marmot, So
Page 213 and 214: 54. Hawkins, S.S., T.J. Cole, and C
Page 215 and 216: 81. Hesketh, K., M. Wake, and E. Wa
Page 217 and 218: 107. McCullough, M.L., et al., Diet
Page 219 and 220: 135. Brimblecombe, J.K. and K. O’
Page 221 and 222: 162. Kreimer, A.R., et al., Diet an
Page 223 and 224: 189. Ward, H.A., et al., Breast, co
Page 225 and 226: 216. Paolini, M., et al., Beta-caro
Page 227 and 228: 244. Kelly, S.A., et al., Wholegrai
Page 229 and 230: 270. Williams, P.G., et al., Cereal
Page 231 and 232: 297. Garcia-Closas, R., et al., Foo
Page 233 and 234: 324. Maclean, C.H., et al., Effects
Page 235 and 236: 349. Vander Wal, J.S., et al., Egg
Page 237 and 238: 376. Elwood, P.C., et al., The surv
Page 239 and 240: 404. Javaid, M.K., et al., Maternal
Page 241 and 242: 430. Lagiou, P., et al., Intake of
Page 243 and 244: 458. Vartanian, L.R., M.B. Schwartz
Page 245 and 246: 486. Lopez-Ridaura, R., et al., Mag
Page 247 and 248: 512. Kratz, M., et al., The impact
Page 249: 537. Daniels, S.R. and F.R. Greer,
Page 253 and 254: 588. Burt, B.A., et al., The effect
Page 255 and 256: 615. Ronksley, P.E., et al., Associ
Page 257 and 258: 642. Purdue, M.P., et al., Type of
Page 259 and 260: 669. Arntzen, K., et al., Moderate
Page 261 and 262: 696. Rokholm, B., J.L. Baker, and T
Page 263 and 264: 724. Bensimhon, D.R., W.E. Kraus, a
Page 265 and 266: 750. Centre for Epidemiology and Re
Page 267 and 268: 776. Monasta, L., et al., Early-lif
Page 269 and 270: 803. Prentice, A.M. and S.A. Jebb,
Page 271 and 272: 830. Callaway, L.K., et al., The pr
Page 273 and 274: 857. Australian Institute of Health
Page 275 and 276: 885. Demmelmair, H., J. von Rosen,
Page 277 and 278: 911. Duong, D.V., C.W. Binns, and A
Page 279 and 280: 940. Cashel K, L.J., NUTTAB89-Nutri
Page 281 and 282: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/m
Page 283 and 284: 995. Atlantis, E., E.H. Barnes, and
Page 285 and 286: 1021. Australian Bureau of Statisti
Page 287 and 288: 1049. Altman, J., Hunter-gatherers
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