DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines - Eat For Health

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3. Limit intake of foods and drinks containing saturated and trans fats, added salt, added sugars and alcohol Guideline 2 Limit intake of foods and drinks containing saturated and trans fats, added salt, added sugars and alcohol. a. Limit intake of foods and drinks containing saturated and trans fats Include small amounts of foods that contain unsaturated fats. Low-fat diets are not suitable for infants. b. Limit intake of foods and drinks containing added salt Read labels to choose lower sodium options among similar foods. Do not add salt to foods. c. Limit intake of foods and drinks containing added sugars In particular, limit sugar-sweetened drinks. d. If you choose to drink alcohol, limit intake DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 74
Executive summary This Guideline emphasises the importance of limiting intake of foods and drinks high in saturated and trans fats, added salt, added sugars and alcohol, due to evidence that these foods are associated with increased risk of obesity and/or chronic disease, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and/or some cancers. The link between dietary saturated fat, cholesterol and cardiovascular disease is well established. Replacing dietary saturated fat or trans fat with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats is associated with improved blood lipid profiles and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Fat-rich foods are energy-dense, and it is prudent to choose low-fat and low energy-density foods in a total dietary pattern that seeks to control overall energy intake. Low-fat diets are not suitable for children under two years of age. Reducedfat milk may be used from the age of two. Reducing intake of sodium decreases blood pressure in both normotensive and hypertensive adults, while the evidence has strengthened that reducing sodium intake might decrease risk of mortality, stroke and heart disease in people with hypertension. Processed foods are the major source of sodium in western diets. Frequent consumption of foods and drinks high in added sugars is a major risk factor in dental caries. There is strengthened evidence of association between intake of sugar-sweetened drinks and risk of excess weight gain. The health, social and economic costs associated with excessive alcohol consumption are well-documented. Limiting alcohol intake is also an important strategy for achieving appropriate energy intake. This chapter provides information on why consumption of these food types should be limited. It includes practical considerations for meeting the guideline, for example, by choosing a variety of nutritious foods (Guideline 1), using only small amounts of unsaturated spreads and oils, and avoiding or limiting discretionary foods and drinks. DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 75
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Australian Dietary Guidelines Incor
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Australian Dietary Guidelines Austr
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2.4.4 Practical considerations: Lea
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1. Introduction 1.1 Why the Guideli
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income, education, cultural influen
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The Evidence Report (A review of th
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1.4 How the Guidelines were develop
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Levels of evidence in public health
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the study results were generalisabl
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Table 1.1: Changes in macronutrient
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population. NHMRC intends to work w
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.2: Australian Guide to Hea
Page 25 and 26: Executive Summary Dietary patterns
Page 27 and 28: Consuming a wide variety of foods m
Page 29 and 30: varieties within each food group, f
Page 31 and 32: 2.1.4.6 People in lower socioeconom
Page 33 and 34: vegetable intake and cancer has foc
Page 35 and 36: Endometrial, Ovarian and pancreatic
Page 37 and 38: 2.2.3.2 Cancer Colorectal cancer: E
Page 39 and 40: 2.2.4.2 Cancer Alimentary tract can
Page 41 and 42: 2.2.5.2 Cancer mechanisms There is
Page 43 and 44: Table 2.1: Recommended number of se
Page 45 and 46: increasing appetites. Unless prescr
Page 47 and 48: 2.3.2.1 Cardiovascular disease, typ
Page 49 and 50: Table 2.3: Recommended number of se
Page 51 and 52: 2.4 Lean meat and poultry, fish, eg
Page 53 and 54: interpret because of widely varying
Page 55 and 56: 2.4.2.3.1 Fish: Cardiovascular dise
Page 57 and 58: Smoked, salted and chemically prese
Page 59 and 60: Depending on age and sex, health be
Page 61 and 62: 2.4.4.6 Vegetarians For several nut
Page 63 and 64: Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
Page 65 and 66: 2.5.3 How drinking milk and eating
Page 67 and 68: 2.5.4.1 Pregnant and breastfeeding
Page 69 and 70: the recent review [14]. Many common
Page 71 and 72: 2.6.2.3 Other conditions Dental car
Page 73: Where to next Both the quality and
Page 77 and 78: 3.1.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
Page 79 and 80: In the longer term, the review cond
Page 81 and 82: The P:M:S ratio is a useful tool in
Page 83 and 84: 3.2.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
Page 85 and 86: 3.2.3 How limiting intake of foods
Page 87 and 88: 3.2.4.4 Older people Taste percepti
Page 89 and 90: No large studies have measured the
Page 91 and 92: Excess weight: Many foods containin
Page 93 and 94: etter health outcomes than those wh
Page 95 and 96: Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
Page 97 and 98: Dementia: The evidence suggests an
Page 99 and 100: Drinking coffee, having a cold show
Page 101 and 102: In the absence of any research to q
Page 103 and 104: Executive summary Healthy weight is
Page 105 and 106: prevalence of obesity alone is high
Page 107 and 108: Compared to having a BMI between 18
Page 109 and 110: 4.1.3.2 Energy intake and trend dat
Page 111 and 112: 4.1.3.4 Energy intake from specific
Page 113 and 114: 4.1.4.2 Benefits of physical activi
Page 115 and 116: 4.2.1 Primary prevention Diet and p
Page 117 and 118: and consistent evidence that dietar
Page 119 and 120: 4.2.2 Secondary prevention Behaviou
Page 121 and 122: Table 4.4 A stepped model for the m
Page 123 and 124: Taller or larger and more active ad
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Table 4.5 2010 Institute of Medicin
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For older, taller or more active ch
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Most older people will benefit from
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5. Encourage and support breastfeed
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5.1 Setting the scene The World Hea
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Evidence Statement Grade Exclusive
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Table 5.1 Factors associated with d
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5.2.4 Other benefits Sudden Infant
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5.3.1.3 Mothers in the workplace Ev
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5.3.1.3 Community support The succe
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Executive summary More than five mi
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[929]. Fresh fruit and vegetables c
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contamination (see above) avoided.
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1989 - 1995 Composition of Foods, A
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2001 Eat Well Australia: An Agenda
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2011 A Review of the Evidence to Ad
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Professor Dorothy Mackerras Dr Dav
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Level III-2 - A comparative study w
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food options to meet additional ene
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Appendix 3. Assessing growth and he
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Table A3.1 International BMI cut-of
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A3.1.6 Z-scores and percentiles: Co
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Appendix 4. Physical activity guide
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Suggested activities include: mode
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Appendix 5. Studies examining the h
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that further specific studies are r
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Table A6.2 Energy and alcohol conte
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The economic, social and cultural f
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A diet consistent with the Guidelin
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In other more recent studies, highe
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A7.4 Aboriginal and Torres Strait I
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A7.4.3.2. Aboriginal people living
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Mortality rates for people born ove
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Appendix 8: Glossary Adequate Intak
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Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are pol
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Exclusive breastfeeding Means an in
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Legume/Beans Refers to all forms of
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Older adults For the purposes of th
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Reduced fat products For a food to
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celery and asparagus), gourd vegeta
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Evidence Statement Grade Fruit Cons
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Table A9.2: Evidence statements (Gr
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References 1. Rayner, M. and P. Sca
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27. Wilkinson, R. and M. Marmot, So
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DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines - Eat For Health

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