DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines - Eat For Health

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Evidence Statement Grade cancer is inconclusive (Section 10.1 in Evidence Report) The effect of consuming poultry at least once a week on the risk of colorectal cancer is inconclusive (Section 10.2 in Evidence Report) The effect of fish consumption on the risk of breast cancer is inconclusive (Section 9.6 in Evidence Report) The effect of fish consumption on the risk of colorectal cancer is inconclusive (Section 9.7 in Evidence Report) The effect of fish consumption on the risk of prostate cancer is inconclusive (Section 9.8 in Evidence Report) The effect of fish consumption on the risk of renal cell cancer is inconclusive (Section 9.9 in Evidence Report) The effect of egg consumption on the risk of cancer is inconclusive (Section 11.2 in Evidence Report) Consumption of legumes (especially soy foods) is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer (Section 7.1 in Evidence Report) There unlikely to be a significant protective effect against prostate cancer from consuming soy foods (Section 7.2 in Evidence Report) Milk, yoghurt, cheese and/or alternatives The effect of milk consumption on the risk of prostate cancer is inconclusive (Section 5.14 in Evidence Report) Water The effect of coffee consumption on the risk of increased systolic blood pressure is inconclusive (Section 15.14 in Evidence Report) The effect of consuming four cups of coffee a day on the risk of gastric cancer is inconclusive (Section 15.5 in Evidence Report) Green and black tea consumption is not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (Sections 15.16, 15.17, 15.22 in Evidence Report) DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 208 D D D D D D D D D D D D
References 1. Rayner, M. and P. Scarborough, The burden of food related ill health in the UK. J Epidemiol Community Health, 2005. 59(12): p. 1054-7. 2. National Public Health Partnership, Eat Well Australia: an agenda for action for public health nutrition, 2000-2010, 2001, National Public Health Partnership: Canberra. 3. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Premature mortality from chronic disease. AIHW Bulletin no. 84. Cat. no. AUS 133, 2010, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: Canberra. 4. Queensland Health, The health of Queenslanders 2006. Report of the Chief Health Officer, Queensland, 2006, Queensland Health: Brisbane 5. Crowley, S., et al., eds. The cost of diet-related disease in Australia: a discussion paper. 1992, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: Canberra. 6. Access Economics, The growing cost of obesity in 2008: three years on, 2008, Diabetes Australia, Access Economics: Canberra. 7. National Preventative Health Taskforce, Australia: the healthiest country by 2020 – National Preventative Health Strategy – the roadmap for action, 2009a, Commonwealth of Australia: Canberra. 8. Lee, A.J., et al., Survival tucker: improved diet and health indicators in an aboriginal community. Aust J Public Health, 1994. 18(3): p. 277-85. 9. National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, and New Zealand Ministry of Health, Nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand including recommended dietary intakes, 2006, Commonwealth of Australia: Canberra. 10. National Health and Medical Research Council, A modelling system to inform the revision of the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, 2011a, Commonwealth of Australia: Canberra. 11. Begg, S., et al., The burden of disease and injury in Australia 2003, 2007, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: Canberra. 12. Australian Bureau of Statistics, National Health Survey: Summary of Results, 2007-2008. Cat. no. 4364.0, 2009, Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra. 13. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Preventative Health National Research Flagship, and University of South Australia, 2007 Australian National DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 209
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Australian Dietary Guidelines Incor
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Australian Dietary Guidelines Austr
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2.4.4 Practical considerations: Lea
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1. Introduction 1.1 Why the Guideli
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income, education, cultural influen
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The Evidence Report (A review of th
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1.4 How the Guidelines were develop
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Levels of evidence in public health
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the study results were generalisabl
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Table 1.1: Changes in macronutrient
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population. NHMRC intends to work w
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Figure 1.2: Australian Guide to Hea
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Executive Summary Dietary patterns
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Consuming a wide variety of foods m
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varieties within each food group, f
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2.1.4.6 People in lower socioeconom
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vegetable intake and cancer has foc
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Endometrial, Ovarian and pancreatic
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2.2.3.2 Cancer Colorectal cancer: E
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2.2.4.2 Cancer Alimentary tract can
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2.2.5.2 Cancer mechanisms There is
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Table 2.1: Recommended number of se
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increasing appetites. Unless prescr
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2.3.2.1 Cardiovascular disease, typ
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Table 2.3: Recommended number of se
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2.4 Lean meat and poultry, fish, eg
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interpret because of widely varying
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2.4.2.3.1 Fish: Cardiovascular dise
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Smoked, salted and chemically prese
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Depending on age and sex, health be
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2.4.4.6 Vegetarians For several nut
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Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
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2.5.3 How drinking milk and eating
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2.5.4.1 Pregnant and breastfeeding
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the recent review [14]. Many common
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2.6.2.3 Other conditions Dental car
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Where to next Both the quality and
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Executive summary This Guideline em
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3.1.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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In the longer term, the review cond
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The P:M:S ratio is a useful tool in
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3.2.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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3.2.3 How limiting intake of foods
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3.2.4.4 Older people Taste percepti
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No large studies have measured the
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Excess weight: Many foods containin
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etter health outcomes than those wh
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Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
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Dementia: The evidence suggests an
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Drinking coffee, having a cold show
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In the absence of any research to q
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Executive summary Healthy weight is
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prevalence of obesity alone is high
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Compared to having a BMI between 18
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4.1.3.2 Energy intake and trend dat
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4.1.3.4 Energy intake from specific
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4.1.4.2 Benefits of physical activi
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4.2.1 Primary prevention Diet and p
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and consistent evidence that dietar
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4.2.2 Secondary prevention Behaviou
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Table 4.4 A stepped model for the m
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Taller or larger and more active ad
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Table 4.5 2010 Institute of Medicin
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For older, taller or more active ch
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Most older people will benefit from
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5. Encourage and support breastfeed
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5.1 Setting the scene The World Hea
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Evidence Statement Grade Exclusive
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Table 5.1 Factors associated with d
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5.2.4 Other benefits Sudden Infant
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5.3.1.3 Mothers in the workplace Ev
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5.3.1.3 Community support The succe
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Executive summary More than five mi
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[929]. Fresh fruit and vegetables c
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contamination (see above) avoided.
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1989 - 1995 Composition of Foods, A
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2001 Eat Well Australia: An Agenda
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2011 A Review of the Evidence to Ad
Page 157 and 158: Professor Dorothy Mackerras Dr Dav
Page 159 and 160: Level III-2 - A comparative study w
Page 161 and 162: food options to meet additional ene
Page 163 and 164: Appendix 3. Assessing growth and he
Page 165 and 166: Table A3.1 International BMI cut-of
Page 167 and 168: A3.1.6 Z-scores and percentiles: Co
Page 169 and 170: Appendix 4. Physical activity guide
Page 171 and 172: Suggested activities include: mode
Page 173 and 174: Appendix 5. Studies examining the h
Page 175 and 176: that further specific studies are r
Page 177 and 178: Table A6.2 Energy and alcohol conte
Page 179 and 180: The economic, social and cultural f
Page 181 and 182: A diet consistent with the Guidelin
Page 183 and 184: In other more recent studies, highe
Page 185 and 186: A7.4 Aboriginal and Torres Strait I
Page 187 and 188: A7.4.3.2. Aboriginal people living
Page 189 and 190: Mortality rates for people born ove
Page 191 and 192: Appendix 8: Glossary Adequate Intak
Page 193 and 194: Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are pol
Page 195 and 196: Exclusive breastfeeding Means an in
Page 197 and 198: Legume/Beans Refers to all forms of
Page 199 and 200: Older adults For the purposes of th
Page 201 and 202: Reduced fat products For a food to
Page 203 and 204: celery and asparagus), gourd vegeta
Page 205 and 206: Evidence Statement Grade Fruit Cons
Page 207: Table A9.2: Evidence statements (Gr
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885. Demmelmair, H., J. von Rosen,
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911. Duong, D.V., C.W. Binns, and A
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940. Cashel K, L.J., NUTTAB89-Nutri
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1021. Australian Bureau of Statisti
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1049. Altman, J., Hunter-gatherers
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