DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines - Eat For Health

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230. Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing, Guidelines for healthy foods and drinks supplied in school canteens, 2010, Commonwealth of Australia: Canberra. 231. AIHW, Australia's Health 2010, AIHW, Editor 2010, AIHW: Canberra. 232. McDermott, R., et al., The health and nutrition of young indigenous women in north Queensland–intergenerational implications of poor food quality, obesity, diabetes, tobacco smoking and alcohol use. Public Health Nutr, 2009. 12(11): p. 2143-2149. 233. Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code, 2011. 234. Food Standards Australia and New Zealand, Standard 2.9.2 Foods for Infants, 2009. 235. Jacobs et al, Whole-grain intake may reduce the risk of ischemic heart disease death in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women's Health Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1998. 68(2): p. 248-57. 236. Anderson, J.W., Whole grains protect against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Proc Nutr Soc, 2003. 62(1): p. 135-42. 237. Berg, A., et al., Effect of an oat bran enriched diet on the atherogenic lipid profile in patients with an increased coronary heart disease risk. A controlled randomized lifestyle intervention study. Ann Nutr Metab, 2003. 47(6): p. 306-11. 238. De Moura, F., Whole grain intake and cardiovascular disease and whole grain intake and diabetes: A review. Life Sciences Research Organization: Bethesda, MD, 2008. 239. Djousse, L. and J.M. Gaziano, Breakfast cereals and risk of heart failure in the physicians' health study I. Arch Intern Med, 2007. 167(19): p. 2080-5. 240. Erkkila, A.T., et al., Cereal fiber and whole-grain intake are associated with reduced progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. Am Heart J, 2005. 150(1): p. 94-101. 241. Flight, I. and P. Clifton, Cereal grains and legumes in the prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke: a review of the literature. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2006. 60(10): p. 1145-59. 242. Jacobs, D.R., Jr. and D.D. Gallaher, Whole grain intake and cardiovascular disease: a review. Curr Atheroscler Rep, 2004. 6(6): p. 415-23. 243. Katcher, H.I., et al., The effects of a whole grain-enriched hypocaloric diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors in men and women with metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr, 2008. 87(1): p. 79-90. DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 226
244. Kelly, S.A., et al., Wholegrain cereals for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2007(2): p. CD005051. 245. Liu, S., et al., A prospective study of dietary fiber intake and risk of cardiovascular disease among women. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002. 39(1): p. 49-56. 246. Liu, S., et al., Is intake of breakfast cereals related to total and cause-specific mortality in men? Am J Clin Nutr, 2003. 77(3): p. 594. 247. Negri, E., et al., Fiber intake and risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2003. 57(3): p. 464-70. 248. Nettleton, J.A., et al., Incident heart failure is associated with lower whole-grain intake and greater high-fat dairy and egg intake in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. J Am Diet Assoc, 2008. 108(11): p. 1881-1887. 249. Ortega, R.M., et al., Responses to two weight-loss programs based on approximating the diet to the ideal: differences associated with increased cereal or vegetable consumption. International Journal for Vitamin & Nutrition Research, 2006. 76(6): p. 367-76. 250. Pereira, M.A., et al., Dietary fiber and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of cohort studies. Arch Intern Med, 2004. 164(4): p. 370-6. 251. Rave, K., et al., Improvement of insulin resistance after diet with a whole-grain based dietary product: results of a randomized, controlled cross-over study in obese subjects with elevated fasting blood glucose. Br J Nutr, 2007. 98(5): p. 929-36. 252. Truswell, A.S., Cereal grains and coronary heart disease. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2002. 56(1): p. 1-14. 253. de Munter, J.S., et al., Whole grain, bran, and germ intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study and systematic review. PLoS Med, 2007. 4(8): p. e261. 254. Henry, C.J.K., et al., Use of low-glycaemic index bread to reduce 24-h blood glucose: implications for dietary advice to non-diabetic and diabetic subjects. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 2006. 57(3-4): p. 273-278. 255. Hodge, A.M., et al., Glycemic index and dietary fiber and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2004. 27(11): p. 2701-6. 256. Krishnan, S., et al., Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cereal fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in US black women. Arch Intern Med, 2007. 167(21): p. 2304-9. 257. Pereira, M.A., et al., Effect of whole grains on insulin sensitivity in overweight hyperinsulinemic adults. Am J Clin Nutr, 2002. 75(5): p. 848-55. DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 227
Page 1 and 2:
Australian Dietary Guidelines Incor
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Australian Dietary Guidelines Austr
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2.4.4 Practical considerations: Lea
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1. Introduction 1.1 Why the Guideli
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income, education, cultural influen
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The Evidence Report (A review of th
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1.4 How the Guidelines were develop
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Levels of evidence in public health
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the study results were generalisabl
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Table 1.1: Changes in macronutrient
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population. NHMRC intends to work w
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Figure 1.2: Australian Guide to Hea
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Executive Summary Dietary patterns
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Consuming a wide variety of foods m
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varieties within each food group, f
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2.1.4.6 People in lower socioeconom
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vegetable intake and cancer has foc
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Endometrial, Ovarian and pancreatic
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2.2.3.2 Cancer Colorectal cancer: E
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2.2.4.2 Cancer Alimentary tract can
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2.2.5.2 Cancer mechanisms There is
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Table 2.1: Recommended number of se
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increasing appetites. Unless prescr
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2.3.2.1 Cardiovascular disease, typ
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Table 2.3: Recommended number of se
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2.4 Lean meat and poultry, fish, eg
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interpret because of widely varying
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2.4.2.3.1 Fish: Cardiovascular dise
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Smoked, salted and chemically prese
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Depending on age and sex, health be
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2.4.4.6 Vegetarians For several nut
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Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
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2.5.3 How drinking milk and eating
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2.5.4.1 Pregnant and breastfeeding
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the recent review [14]. Many common
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2.6.2.3 Other conditions Dental car
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Where to next Both the quality and
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Executive summary This Guideline em
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3.1.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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In the longer term, the review cond
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The P:M:S ratio is a useful tool in
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3.2.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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3.2.3 How limiting intake of foods
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3.2.4.4 Older people Taste percepti
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No large studies have measured the
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Excess weight: Many foods containin
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etter health outcomes than those wh
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Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
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Dementia: The evidence suggests an
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Drinking coffee, having a cold show
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In the absence of any research to q
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Executive summary Healthy weight is
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prevalence of obesity alone is high
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Compared to having a BMI between 18
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4.1.3.2 Energy intake and trend dat
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4.1.3.4 Energy intake from specific
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4.1.4.2 Benefits of physical activi
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4.2.1 Primary prevention Diet and p
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and consistent evidence that dietar
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4.2.2 Secondary prevention Behaviou
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Table 4.4 A stepped model for the m
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Taller or larger and more active ad
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Table 4.5 2010 Institute of Medicin
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For older, taller or more active ch
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Most older people will benefit from
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5. Encourage and support breastfeed
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5.1 Setting the scene The World Hea
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Evidence Statement Grade Exclusive
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Table 5.1 Factors associated with d
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5.2.4 Other benefits Sudden Infant
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5.3.1.3 Mothers in the workplace Ev
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5.3.1.3 Community support The succe
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Executive summary More than five mi
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[929]. Fresh fruit and vegetables c
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contamination (see above) avoided.
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1989 - 1995 Composition of Foods, A
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2001 Eat Well Australia: An Agenda
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2011 A Review of the Evidence to Ad
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Professor Dorothy Mackerras Dr Dav
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Level III-2 - A comparative study w
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food options to meet additional ene
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Appendix 3. Assessing growth and he
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Table A3.1 International BMI cut-of
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A3.1.6 Z-scores and percentiles: Co
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Appendix 4. Physical activity guide
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Suggested activities include: mode
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Appendix 5. Studies examining the h
Page 175 and 176: that further specific studies are r
Page 177 and 178: Table A6.2 Energy and alcohol conte
Page 179 and 180: The economic, social and cultural f
Page 181 and 182: A diet consistent with the Guidelin
Page 183 and 184: In other more recent studies, highe
Page 185 and 186: A7.4 Aboriginal and Torres Strait I
Page 187 and 188: A7.4.3.2. Aboriginal people living
Page 189 and 190: Mortality rates for people born ove
Page 191 and 192: Appendix 8: Glossary Adequate Intak
Page 193 and 194: Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are pol
Page 195 and 196: Exclusive breastfeeding Means an in
Page 197 and 198: Legume/Beans Refers to all forms of
Page 199 and 200: Older adults For the purposes of th
Page 201 and 202: Reduced fat products For a food to
Page 203 and 204: celery and asparagus), gourd vegeta
Page 205 and 206: Evidence Statement Grade Fruit Cons
Page 207 and 208: Table A9.2: Evidence statements (Gr
Page 209 and 210: References 1. Rayner, M. and P. Sca
Page 211 and 212: 27. Wilkinson, R. and M. Marmot, So
Page 213 and 214: 54. Hawkins, S.S., T.J. Cole, and C
Page 215 and 216: 81. Hesketh, K., M. Wake, and E. Wa
Page 217 and 218: 107. McCullough, M.L., et al., Diet
Page 219 and 220: 135. Brimblecombe, J.K. and K. O’
Page 221 and 222: 162. Kreimer, A.R., et al., Diet an
Page 223 and 224: 189. Ward, H.A., et al., Breast, co
Page 225: 216. Paolini, M., et al., Beta-caro
Page 229 and 230: 270. Williams, P.G., et al., Cereal
Page 231 and 232: 297. Garcia-Closas, R., et al., Foo
Page 233 and 234: 324. Maclean, C.H., et al., Effects
Page 235 and 236: 349. Vander Wal, J.S., et al., Egg
Page 237 and 238: 376. Elwood, P.C., et al., The surv
Page 239 and 240: 404. Javaid, M.K., et al., Maternal
Page 241 and 242: 430. Lagiou, P., et al., Intake of
Page 243 and 244: 458. Vartanian, L.R., M.B. Schwartz
Page 245 and 246: 486. Lopez-Ridaura, R., et al., Mag
Page 247 and 248: 512. Kratz, M., et al., The impact
Page 249 and 250: 537. Daniels, S.R. and F.R. Greer,
Page 251 and 252: 562. Cook, N.R., et al., Joint effe
Page 253 and 254: 588. Burt, B.A., et al., The effect
Page 255 and 256: 615. Ronksley, P.E., et al., Associ
Page 257 and 258: 642. Purdue, M.P., et al., Type of
Page 259 and 260: 669. Arntzen, K., et al., Moderate
Page 261 and 262: 696. Rokholm, B., J.L. Baker, and T
Page 263 and 264: 724. Bensimhon, D.R., W.E. Kraus, a
Page 265 and 266: 750. Centre for Epidemiology and Re
Page 267 and 268: 776. Monasta, L., et al., Early-lif
Page 269 and 270: 803. Prentice, A.M. and S.A. Jebb,
Page 271 and 272: 830. Callaway, L.K., et al., The pr
Page 273 and 274: 857. Australian Institute of Health
Page 275 and 276: 885. Demmelmair, H., J. von Rosen,
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911. Duong, D.V., C.W. Binns, and A
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940. Cashel K, L.J., NUTTAB89-Nutri
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http://www.health.gov.au/internet/m
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995. Atlantis, E., E.H. Barnes, and
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1021. Australian Bureau of Statisti
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1049. Altman, J., Hunter-gatherers
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