DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines - Eat For Health

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337. Gillingham, L.G., et al., The effects of consuming docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched eggs on serum lipids and fatty acid compositions in statin-treated hypercholesterolemic male patients. Food research international, 2005. 38(10): p. 1117-1123. 338. Goodrow, E.F., et al., Consumption of one egg per day increases serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in older adults without altering serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. J Nutr, 2006. 136(10): p. 2519. 339. Harman, N.L., A.R. Leeds, and B.A. Griffin, Increased dietary cholesterol does not increase plasma low density lipoprotein when accompanied by an energy-restricted diet and weight loss. European journal of nutrition, 2008. 47(6): p. 287-293. 340. Katz, D.L., et al., Egg consumption and endothelial function: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Int J Cardiol, 2005. 99(1): p. 65-70. 341. Lee, J.Y., et al., Consumption of omega-3 fatty acid-enriched eggs and serum lipids in humans. Journal of nutraceuticals, functional & medical foods, 2003. 4(1): p. 3-13. 342. Maki, K.C., et al., Lipid responses in mildly hypertriglyceridemic men and women to consumption of docosahexaenoic acid-enriched eggs. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 2003. 73(5): p. 357-68. 343. Makrides, M., et al., Nutritional effect of including egg yolk in the weaning diet of breast-fed and formula-fed infants: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 2002. 75(6): p. 1084-92. 344. Nakamura, Y., et al., Egg consumption, serum total cholesterol concentrations and coronary heart disease incidence: Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. Br J Nutr, 2006. 96(5): p. 921-8. 345. Nakamura, Y., et al., Egg consumption, serum cholesterol, and cause-specific and all-cause mortality: the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and Its Trends in the Aged, 1980 (NIPPON DATA80). Am J Clin Nutr, 2004. 80(1): p. 58. 346. Ohman, M., et al., Biochemical effects of consumption of eggs containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ups J Med Sci, 2008. 113(3): p. 315-23. 347. Rose, E.L. and B.J. Holub, Effects of a liquid egg product containing fish oil on selected cardiovascular disease risk factors: A randomized crossover trial. Food research international, 2006. 39(8): p. 910-916. 348. Sindelar, C.A., et al., Serum lipids of physically active adults consuming omega-3 fatty acidenriched eggs or conventional eggs. Nutr Res, 2004. 24(9): p. 731-739. DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 234
349. Vander Wal, J.S., et al., Egg breakfast enhances weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond), 2008. 32(10): p. 1545-51. 350. Vislocky, L.M., et al., Habitual consumption of eggs does not alter the beneficial effects of endurance training on plasma lipids and lipoprotein metabolism in untrained men and women. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2009. 20(1): p. 26-34. 351. Wenzel, A.J., et al., A 12-wk egg intervention increases serum zeaxanthin and macular pigment optical density in women. J Nutr, 2006. 136(10): p. 2568-73. 352. Alper, C.M. and R.D. Mattes, Peanut consumption improves indices of cardiovascular disease risk in healthy adults. J Am Coll Nutr, 2003. 22(2): p. 133-41. 353. Hyson, D.A., B.O. Schneeman, and P.A. Davis, Almonds and almond oil have similar effects on plasma lipids and LDL oxidation in healthy men and women. J Nutr, 2002. 132(4): p. 703. 354. Kocyigit, A., A.A. Koylu, and H. Keles, Effects of pistachio nuts consumption on plasma lipid profile and oxidative status in healthy volunteers. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2006. 16(3): p. 202-209. 355. Sabate, J., et al., Serum lipid response to the graduated enrichment of a Step I diet with almonds: a randomized feeding trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 2003. 77(6): p. 1379-84. 356. Spaccarotella, K.J., et al., The effect of walnut intake on factors related to prostate and vascular health in older men. Nutr J, 2008. 7: p. 13. 357. Fraser, G.E., et al., Effect on body weight of a free 76 kilojoule (320 calorie) daily supplement of almonds for six months. J Am Coll Nutr, 2002. 21(3): p. 275. 358. Sabate, J., Nut consumption and change in weight: the weight of the evidence. Br J Nutr, 2007. 98(3): p. 456-7. 359. Kuhnle, G.G.C., et al., Diet-induced endogenous formation of nitroso compounds in the GI tract. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2007. 43(7): p. 1040-1047. 360. Ma, R.W. and K. Chapman, A systematic review of the effect of diet in prostate cancer prevention and treatment. J Hum Nutr Diet, 2009. 22(3): p. 187-99; quiz 200-2. 361. Sofi, F., et al., Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: meta-analysis. Br Med J, 2008. 337: p. a1344. 362. UK Royal College of Obstericians and Gynaecologists, Nutrition in pregnancy (SAC opinion paper 18), 2010. DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 235
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Australian Dietary Guidelines Incor
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Australian Dietary Guidelines Austr
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2.4.4 Practical considerations: Lea
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1. Introduction 1.1 Why the Guideli
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income, education, cultural influen
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The Evidence Report (A review of th
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1.4 How the Guidelines were develop
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Levels of evidence in public health
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the study results were generalisabl
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Table 1.1: Changes in macronutrient
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population. NHMRC intends to work w
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Figure 1.2: Australian Guide to Hea
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Executive Summary Dietary patterns
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Consuming a wide variety of foods m
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varieties within each food group, f
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2.1.4.6 People in lower socioeconom
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vegetable intake and cancer has foc
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Endometrial, Ovarian and pancreatic
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2.2.3.2 Cancer Colorectal cancer: E
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2.2.4.2 Cancer Alimentary tract can
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2.2.5.2 Cancer mechanisms There is
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Table 2.1: Recommended number of se
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increasing appetites. Unless prescr
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2.3.2.1 Cardiovascular disease, typ
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Table 2.3: Recommended number of se
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2.4 Lean meat and poultry, fish, eg
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interpret because of widely varying
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2.4.2.3.1 Fish: Cardiovascular dise
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Smoked, salted and chemically prese
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Depending on age and sex, health be
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2.4.4.6 Vegetarians For several nut
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Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
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2.5.3 How drinking milk and eating
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2.5.4.1 Pregnant and breastfeeding
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the recent review [14]. Many common
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2.6.2.3 Other conditions Dental car
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Where to next Both the quality and
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Executive summary This Guideline em
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3.1.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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In the longer term, the review cond
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The P:M:S ratio is a useful tool in
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3.2.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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3.2.3 How limiting intake of foods
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3.2.4.4 Older people Taste percepti
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No large studies have measured the
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Excess weight: Many foods containin
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etter health outcomes than those wh
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Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
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Dementia: The evidence suggests an
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Drinking coffee, having a cold show
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In the absence of any research to q
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Executive summary Healthy weight is
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prevalence of obesity alone is high
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Compared to having a BMI between 18
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4.1.3.2 Energy intake and trend dat
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4.1.3.4 Energy intake from specific
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4.1.4.2 Benefits of physical activi
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4.2.1 Primary prevention Diet and p
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and consistent evidence that dietar
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4.2.2 Secondary prevention Behaviou
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Table 4.4 A stepped model for the m
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Taller or larger and more active ad
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Table 4.5 2010 Institute of Medicin
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For older, taller or more active ch
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Most older people will benefit from
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5. Encourage and support breastfeed
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5.1 Setting the scene The World Hea
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Evidence Statement Grade Exclusive
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Table 5.1 Factors associated with d
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5.2.4 Other benefits Sudden Infant
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5.3.1.3 Mothers in the workplace Ev
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5.3.1.3 Community support The succe
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Executive summary More than five mi
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[929]. Fresh fruit and vegetables c
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contamination (see above) avoided.
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1989 - 1995 Composition of Foods, A
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2001 Eat Well Australia: An Agenda
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2011 A Review of the Evidence to Ad
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Professor Dorothy Mackerras Dr Dav
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Level III-2 - A comparative study w
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food options to meet additional ene
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Appendix 3. Assessing growth and he
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Table A3.1 International BMI cut-of
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A3.1.6 Z-scores and percentiles: Co
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Appendix 4. Physical activity guide
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Suggested activities include: mode
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Appendix 5. Studies examining the h
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that further specific studies are r
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Table A6.2 Energy and alcohol conte
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The economic, social and cultural f
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A diet consistent with the Guidelin
Page 183 and 184: In other more recent studies, highe
Page 185 and 186: A7.4 Aboriginal and Torres Strait I
Page 187 and 188: A7.4.3.2. Aboriginal people living
Page 189 and 190: Mortality rates for people born ove
Page 191 and 192: Appendix 8: Glossary Adequate Intak
Page 193 and 194: Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are pol
Page 195 and 196: Exclusive breastfeeding Means an in
Page 197 and 198: Legume/Beans Refers to all forms of
Page 199 and 200: Older adults For the purposes of th
Page 201 and 202: Reduced fat products For a food to
Page 203 and 204: celery and asparagus), gourd vegeta
Page 205 and 206: Evidence Statement Grade Fruit Cons
Page 207 and 208: Table A9.2: Evidence statements (Gr
Page 209 and 210: References 1. Rayner, M. and P. Sca
Page 211 and 212: 27. Wilkinson, R. and M. Marmot, So
Page 213 and 214: 54. Hawkins, S.S., T.J. Cole, and C
Page 215 and 216: 81. Hesketh, K., M. Wake, and E. Wa
Page 217 and 218: 107. McCullough, M.L., et al., Diet
Page 219 and 220: 135. Brimblecombe, J.K. and K. O’
Page 221 and 222: 162. Kreimer, A.R., et al., Diet an
Page 223 and 224: 189. Ward, H.A., et al., Breast, co
Page 225 and 226: 216. Paolini, M., et al., Beta-caro
Page 227 and 228: 244. Kelly, S.A., et al., Wholegrai
Page 229 and 230: 270. Williams, P.G., et al., Cereal
Page 231 and 232: 297. Garcia-Closas, R., et al., Foo
Page 233: 324. Maclean, C.H., et al., Effects
Page 237 and 238: 376. Elwood, P.C., et al., The surv
Page 239 and 240: 404. Javaid, M.K., et al., Maternal
Page 241 and 242: 430. Lagiou, P., et al., Intake of
Page 243 and 244: 458. Vartanian, L.R., M.B. Schwartz
Page 245 and 246: 486. Lopez-Ridaura, R., et al., Mag
Page 247 and 248: 512. Kratz, M., et al., The impact
Page 249 and 250: 537. Daniels, S.R. and F.R. Greer,
Page 251 and 252: 562. Cook, N.R., et al., Joint effe
Page 253 and 254: 588. Burt, B.A., et al., The effect
Page 255 and 256: 615. Ronksley, P.E., et al., Associ
Page 257 and 258: 642. Purdue, M.P., et al., Type of
Page 259 and 260: 669. Arntzen, K., et al., Moderate
Page 261 and 262: 696. Rokholm, B., J.L. Baker, and T
Page 263 and 264: 724. Bensimhon, D.R., W.E. Kraus, a
Page 265 and 266: 750. Centre for Epidemiology and Re
Page 267 and 268: 776. Monasta, L., et al., Early-lif
Page 269 and 270: 803. Prentice, A.M. and S.A. Jebb,
Page 271 and 272: 830. Callaway, L.K., et al., The pr
Page 273 and 274: 857. Australian Institute of Health
Page 275 and 276: 885. Demmelmair, H., J. von Rosen,
Page 277 and 278: 911. Duong, D.V., C.W. Binns, and A
Page 279 and 280: 940. Cashel K, L.J., NUTTAB89-Nutri
Page 281 and 282: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/m
Page 283 and 284: 995. Atlantis, E., E.H. Barnes, and
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1021. Australian Bureau of Statisti
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1049. Altman, J., Hunter-gatherers
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