DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines - Eat For Health

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500. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization, Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. Report of an expert consultation, 2010, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization: Rome. 501. Ulbak, J., et al., Diet and blood pressure in 2.5-y-old Danish children. Am J Clin Nutr, 2004. 79(6): p. 1095-1102. 502. Schack-Nielsen, L., et al., Arterial stiffness in 10-year-old children: current and early determinants. Br J Nutr, 2005. 94(6): p. 1004-1011. 503. Sanders, T.A.B., et al., Influence of an algal triacylglycerol containing docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and docosahentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) on cardiovascular risk factors in healthy men and women. Br J Nutr, 2006. 95(3): p. 525-531. 504. Raitakari, O.T., et al., Endothelial function in healthy 11-year-old children after dietary intervention with onset in infancy: the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for children (STRIP). Circulation, 2005. 112(24): p. 3786-3794. 505. Psaltopoulou, T., et al., Olive oil, the Mediterranean diet, and arterial blood pressure: the Greek European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study [corrected] [published erratum appears in AM J CLIN NUTR 2005 May;81(5):1181]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2004. 80(4): p. 1012-1018. 506. Perona, J.S., et al., Plasma lipid modifications in elderly people after administration of two virgin olive oils of the same variety (Olea europaea var. hojiblanca) with different triacylglycerol composition. Br J Nutr, 2003. 89(6): p. 819-26. 507. Bondia-Pons, I., et al., Moderate consumption of olive oil by healthy European men reduces systolic blood pressure in non-Mediterranean participants. J Nutr, 2007. 137(1): p. 84-7. 508. Alonso, A., et al., Olive oil consumption and reduced incidence of hypertension: the SUN study. Lipids, 2004. 39(12): p. 1233-8. 509. Damsgaard, C.T., et al., Fish oil in combination with high or low intakes of linoleic acid lowers plasma triacylglycerols but does not affect other cardiovascular risk markers in healthy men. J Nutr, 2008. 138(6): p. 1061-1066. 510. Berry, S.E., et al., The solid fat content of stearic acid-rich fats determines their postprandial effects. Am J Clin Nutr, 2007. 85(6): p. 1486-94. 511. Eckel, R.H., et al., Carbohydrate balance predicts weight and fat gain in adults. Am J Clin Nutr, 2006. 83(4): p. 803-808. DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 246
512. Kratz, M., et al., The impact of dietary fat composition on serum leptin concentrations in healthy nonobese men and women. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2002. 87(11): p. 5008-14. 513. Lovegrove, J.A., et al., Moderate fish-oil supplementation reverses low-platelet, long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status and reduces plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in British Indo- Asians. Am J Clin Nutr, 2004. 79(6): p. 974-982. 514. Nicholls, S.J., et al., Consumption of saturated fat impairs the anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoproteins and endothelial function. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2006. 48(4): p. 715-720. 515. Nosaka, N., et al., Effects of dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols on serum lipoproteins and biochemical parameters in healthy men. Bioscience, Biotechnology & Biochemistry, 2002. 66(8): p. 1713-8. 516. Owen, B. and T.M.S. Wolever, Effect of fat on glycaemic responses in normal subjects: a doseresponse study. Nutr Res, 2003. 23(10): p. 1341-1347. 517. Rueda-Clausen, C.F., et al., Olive, soybean and palm oils intake have a similar acute detrimental effect over the endothelial function in healthy young subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2007. 17(1): p. 50-57. 518. Tahvonen, R.L., et al., Black currant seed oil and fish oil supplements differ in their effects on fatty acid profiles of plasma lipids, and concentrations of serum total and lipoprotein lipids, plasma glucose and insulin. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2005. 16(6): p. 353-359. 519. Tholstrup, T., et al., Effects of butter high in ruminant trans and monounsaturated fatty acids on lipoproteins, incorporation of fatty acids into lipid classes, plasma C-reactive protein, oxidative stress, hemostatic variables, and insulin in healthy young men. Am J Clin Nutr, 2006. 83(2): p. 237-243. 520. MacLean, C.H., et al., Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cancer risk: a systematic review. J Am Med Assoc, 2006. 295(4): p. 403-15. 521. van de Rest, O., et al., Effect of fish-oil supplementation on mental well-being in older subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 2008. 88(3): p. 706-13. 522. Laitinen, M., et al., Fat intake at midlife and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a population-based study. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 2006. 22(1): p. 99-107. 523. Mamalakis, G., et al., Depression and serum adiponectin and adipose omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in adolescents. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2006. 85(2): p. 474-479. DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 247
Page 1 and 2:
Australian Dietary Guidelines Incor
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Australian Dietary Guidelines Austr
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2.4.4 Practical considerations: Lea
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1. Introduction 1.1 Why the Guideli
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income, education, cultural influen
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The Evidence Report (A review of th
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1.4 How the Guidelines were develop
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Levels of evidence in public health
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the study results were generalisabl
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Table 1.1: Changes in macronutrient
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population. NHMRC intends to work w
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Figure 1.2: Australian Guide to Hea
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Executive Summary Dietary patterns
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Consuming a wide variety of foods m
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varieties within each food group, f
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2.1.4.6 People in lower socioeconom
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vegetable intake and cancer has foc
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Endometrial, Ovarian and pancreatic
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2.2.3.2 Cancer Colorectal cancer: E
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2.2.4.2 Cancer Alimentary tract can
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2.2.5.2 Cancer mechanisms There is
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Table 2.1: Recommended number of se
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increasing appetites. Unless prescr
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2.3.2.1 Cardiovascular disease, typ
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Table 2.3: Recommended number of se
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2.4 Lean meat and poultry, fish, eg
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interpret because of widely varying
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2.4.2.3.1 Fish: Cardiovascular dise
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Smoked, salted and chemically prese
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Depending on age and sex, health be
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2.4.4.6 Vegetarians For several nut
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Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
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2.5.3 How drinking milk and eating
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2.5.4.1 Pregnant and breastfeeding
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the recent review [14]. Many common
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2.6.2.3 Other conditions Dental car
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Where to next Both the quality and
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Executive summary This Guideline em
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3.1.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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In the longer term, the review cond
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The P:M:S ratio is a useful tool in
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3.2.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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3.2.3 How limiting intake of foods
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3.2.4.4 Older people Taste percepti
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No large studies have measured the
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Excess weight: Many foods containin
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etter health outcomes than those wh
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Evidence Statement Grade Consumptio
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Dementia: The evidence suggests an
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Drinking coffee, having a cold show
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In the absence of any research to q
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Executive summary Healthy weight is
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prevalence of obesity alone is high
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Compared to having a BMI between 18
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4.1.3.2 Energy intake and trend dat
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4.1.3.4 Energy intake from specific
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4.1.4.2 Benefits of physical activi
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4.2.1 Primary prevention Diet and p
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and consistent evidence that dietar
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4.2.2 Secondary prevention Behaviou
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Table 4.4 A stepped model for the m
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Taller or larger and more active ad
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Table 4.5 2010 Institute of Medicin
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For older, taller or more active ch
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Most older people will benefit from
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5. Encourage and support breastfeed
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5.1 Setting the scene The World Hea
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Evidence Statement Grade Exclusive
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Table 5.1 Factors associated with d
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5.2.4 Other benefits Sudden Infant
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5.3.1.3 Mothers in the workplace Ev
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5.3.1.3 Community support The succe
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Executive summary More than five mi
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[929]. Fresh fruit and vegetables c
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contamination (see above) avoided.
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1989 - 1995 Composition of Foods, A
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2001 Eat Well Australia: An Agenda
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2011 A Review of the Evidence to Ad
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Professor Dorothy Mackerras Dr Dav
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Level III-2 - A comparative study w
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food options to meet additional ene
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Appendix 3. Assessing growth and he
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Table A3.1 International BMI cut-of
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A3.1.6 Z-scores and percentiles: Co
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Appendix 4. Physical activity guide
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Suggested activities include: mode
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Appendix 5. Studies examining the h
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that further specific studies are r
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Table A6.2 Energy and alcohol conte
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The economic, social and cultural f
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A diet consistent with the Guidelin
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In other more recent studies, highe
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A7.4 Aboriginal and Torres Strait I
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A7.4.3.2. Aboriginal people living
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Mortality rates for people born ove
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Appendix 8: Glossary Adequate Intak
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Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are pol
Page 195 and 196: Exclusive breastfeeding Means an in
Page 197 and 198: Legume/Beans Refers to all forms of
Page 199 and 200: Older adults For the purposes of th
Page 201 and 202: Reduced fat products For a food to
Page 203 and 204: celery and asparagus), gourd vegeta
Page 205 and 206: Evidence Statement Grade Fruit Cons
Page 207 and 208: Table A9.2: Evidence statements (Gr
Page 209 and 210: References 1. Rayner, M. and P. Sca
Page 211 and 212: 27. Wilkinson, R. and M. Marmot, So
Page 213 and 214: 54. Hawkins, S.S., T.J. Cole, and C
Page 215 and 216: 81. Hesketh, K., M. Wake, and E. Wa
Page 217 and 218: 107. McCullough, M.L., et al., Diet
Page 219 and 220: 135. Brimblecombe, J.K. and K. O’
Page 221 and 222: 162. Kreimer, A.R., et al., Diet an
Page 223 and 224: 189. Ward, H.A., et al., Breast, co
Page 225 and 226: 216. Paolini, M., et al., Beta-caro
Page 227 and 228: 244. Kelly, S.A., et al., Wholegrai
Page 229 and 230: 270. Williams, P.G., et al., Cereal
Page 231 and 232: 297. Garcia-Closas, R., et al., Foo
Page 233 and 234: 324. Maclean, C.H., et al., Effects
Page 235 and 236: 349. Vander Wal, J.S., et al., Egg
Page 237 and 238: 376. Elwood, P.C., et al., The surv
Page 239 and 240: 404. Javaid, M.K., et al., Maternal
Page 241 and 242: 430. Lagiou, P., et al., Intake of
Page 243 and 244: 458. Vartanian, L.R., M.B. Schwartz
Page 245: 486. Lopez-Ridaura, R., et al., Mag
Page 249 and 250: 537. Daniels, S.R. and F.R. Greer,
Page 251 and 252: 562. Cook, N.R., et al., Joint effe
Page 253 and 254: 588. Burt, B.A., et al., The effect
Page 255 and 256: 615. Ronksley, P.E., et al., Associ
Page 257 and 258: 642. Purdue, M.P., et al., Type of
Page 259 and 260: 669. Arntzen, K., et al., Moderate
Page 261 and 262: 696. Rokholm, B., J.L. Baker, and T
Page 263 and 264: 724. Bensimhon, D.R., W.E. Kraus, a
Page 265 and 266: 750. Centre for Epidemiology and Re
Page 267 and 268: 776. Monasta, L., et al., Early-lif
Page 269 and 270: 803. Prentice, A.M. and S.A. Jebb,
Page 271 and 272: 830. Callaway, L.K., et al., The pr
Page 273 and 274: 857. Australian Institute of Health
Page 275 and 276: 885. Demmelmair, H., J. von Rosen,
Page 277 and 278: 911. Duong, D.V., C.W. Binns, and A
Page 279 and 280: 940. Cashel K, L.J., NUTTAB89-Nutri
Page 281 and 282: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/m
Page 283 and 284: 995. Atlantis, E., E.H. Barnes, and
Page 285 and 286: 1021. Australian Bureau of Statisti
Page 287 and 288: 1049. Altman, J., Hunter-gatherers
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