Untitled - Kelly Walsh High School

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Kinetics 201 energy of a reaction. Catalysts are substances that speed up the rate of reaction without being consumed in the reaction. They affect the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy by providing a reaction surface and orientation or by providing an alternate mechanism (pathway). We may gather information concerning the reaction mechanism from the rate laws. 1. What five factors can affect the rate of a chemical reaction? 2. The rate of a reaction increases by a factor of nine when the concentration of one of the reactants is tripled. The order with respect to this reactant is _____. 3. The rate of a reaction does not change when the concentration of one of the reactants is tripled. The order with respect to this reactant is _____. 4. What is the equation for the half-life of a second-order reaction? 5. A student calculates the activation energy for a reaction and gets 0.12 J/mol. What is wrong with this answer? 6. True/False. An automobile catalytic converter is an example of a heterogeneous catalyst. 7. True/False. You can get a rate law directly from a balanced chemical equation. 8. True/False. You can get a rate law directly from the rate-determining (slow) step in a mechanism. 9. True/False. Termolecular (three molecules) steps are common in mechanisms. 10. True/False. The mechanism for a reaction with the rate law, Rate k[A] 2 [B], will have a step where two molecules of A collide with a molecule of B. 11. A certain substance undergoes a first-order reaction with a rate constant of 1.25 hr 1 . How long will it take for the concentration of this reactant to drop from 1.0 M to 0.38 M? 12. Determine the half-life of a second-order reaction if the rate constant is 1.78 M 1 s 1 . The initial concentration is 0.575 M. 13. Nitrosyl chloride, NOCl, decomposes as follows: 2 NOCl(g) l 2 NO(g) Cl 2(g) This reaction has a rate constant of 9.3 10 5 M 1 s 1 at 100°C, and 1.0 10 3 M s 1 at 130°C. Determine the value of the activation energy in kJ/mol. ANSWER KEY 1. Nature of the reactants, the temperature, the concentration of the reactants, physical state of the reactants, and catalysts 2. 2 3. 0 4. t1/2 1/k [A] 0
202 CHEMISTRY FOR THE UTTERLY CONFUSED 5. Activation energies are large positive values; this answer is neither large nor positive. 6. True 7. False 8. True 9. False 10. False [1.0 M] ln [0.38 M] 1.25 hr 1 ≥ 11. t = £ 0.77 hr 1 12. t1/2 0.977 s (1.78 M 1 s 1 ) [0.575 M] E a 1 1 13. ln B Ea 99 kJ/mol 403 K 373 K R 9.3 10 8.314 J/mol·K 5 M1s1 1.0 103 M1s1
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Chemistry for the Utterly Confused
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We would like to dedicate this book
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Contents ix Chapter 5 Gases 79 Do I
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Contents xi Get Started 146 10-1 Mo
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Contents xiii 15-4 pH 222 15-5 Acid
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Contents xv Chapter 20 Nuclear Chem
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CHAPTER 1 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Chemistry: First Steps 3 compound b
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Chemistry: First Steps 5 exact norm
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Chemistry: First Steps 7 We now nee
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Chemistry: First Steps 9 mathematic
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Chemistry: First Steps 11 we do not
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Chemistry: First Steps 13 19. How m
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CHAPTER 2 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 17 Caref
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Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 19 table
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Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 21 If a
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Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 23 Once
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Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 25 and n
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Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 27 1. Th
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Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 29 20. N
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CHAPTER 3 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Mass, Moles, and Equations 33 Caref
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Mass, Moles, and Equations 35 Quick
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Mass, Moles, and Equations 41 Caref
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Mass, Moles, and Equations 43 the b
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Mass, Moles, and Equations 45 7. Th
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Mass, Moles, and Equations 47 17. a
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CHAPTER 4 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Aqueous Solutions 51 4-2 Solubility
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Aqueous Solutions 53 Don’t Forget
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Aqueous Solutions 55 Quick Tip Cert
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Aqueous Solutions 57 Quick Tip Quic
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Aqueous Solutions 63 Quick Tip Mg(N
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Aqueous Solutions 65 All the separa
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Aqueous Solutions 69 There will be
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Aqueous Solutions 75 The calculatio
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Aqueous Solutions 77 25. The titrat
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CHAPTER 5 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Gases 81 Quick Tip Don’t Forget!
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Gases 83 Quick Tip Let’s see how
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Gases 85 Don’t Forget! Quick Tip
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Gases 87 Second, the KMT relates th
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Gases 89 The larger the gas particl
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Gases 91 Note that the mandatory co
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Gases 93 If it was not clear before
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Gases 95 ANSWER KEY 1. PTotal PA
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CHAPTER 6 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Thermochemistry 99 Quick Tip Don’
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Thermochemistry 101 Don’t Forget!
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Thermochemistry 103 C2H2(g) (5/2) O
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Thermochemistry 105 Quick Tip Some
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CHAPTER 7 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Quantum Theory and Electrons 109 Al
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Quantum Theory and Electrons 111 Th
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Quantum Theory and Electrons 113 Do
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Quantum Theory and Electrons 115 Do
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Quantum Theory and Electrons 117 AN
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CHAPTER 8 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Periodic Trends 121 8-2 Ionization
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Periodic Trends 123 The general tre
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Periodic Trends 125 in its ground s
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CHAPTER 9 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Chemical Bonding 129 Quick Tip In S
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Chemical Bonding 131 9-3 Ionic Bond
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Chemical Bonding 133 Quick Tip Neve
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Chemical Bonding 135 Don’t Forget
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Chemical Bonding 137 9-6 Bond Energ
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Chemical Bonding 139 Quick Tip invo
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Chemical Bonding 141 Quick Tip Elem
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Chemical Bonding 143 11. a 12. b 13
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CHAPTER 10 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Molecular Geometry and Hybridizatio
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Molecular Geometry and Hybridizatio
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Page 182 and 183: Intermolecular Forces, Solids and L
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Page 196 and 197: Solutions 173 ways of expressing th
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Page 202 and 203: Solutions 179 Just as the freezing
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Page 212 and 213: Kinetics 189 4. Physical state of r
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Page 220 and 221: Kinetics 197 The decomposition of h
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Page 228 and 229: Chemical Equilibria 205 Quick Tip D
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Page 244 and 245: Acids and Bases 221 Don’t Forget!
Page 246 and 247: Acids and Bases 223 The pH of pure
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CHAPTER 17 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Entropy and Free Energy 253 17-2 En
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Entropy and Free Energy 255 17-5 Ut
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Entropy and Free Energy 257 Quick T
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Entropy and Free Energy 259 Be Care
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Entropy and Free Energy 261 Before
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Entropy and Free Energy 263 ANSWER
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CHAPTER 18 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Electrochemistry 267 Quick Tip Some
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Electrochemistry 269 Don’t Forget
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Electrochemistry 271 We can use thi
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Electrochemistry 273 do is reverse
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Electrochemistry 275 Don’t Forget
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Electrochemistry 277 Be Careful! Th
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Electrochemistry 279 ANSWER KEY 1.
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CHAPTER 19 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Chemistry of the Elements 283 19-2
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Chemistry of the Elements 285 Be Ca
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Chemistry of the Elements 287 Don
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Chemistry of the Elements 289 6. Wh
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CHAPTER 20 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Nuclear Chemistry 293 The sum of th
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Nuclear Chemistry 295 Don’t Forge
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Nuclear Chemistry 297 that is not a
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Nuclear Chemistry 299 Don’t Forge
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Nuclear Chemistry 301 t 1/2 (ln 2)
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Nuclear Chemistry 303 1. A typical
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CHAPTER 21 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
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Organic, Biochemistry, and Polymers
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Index 327 chemical formulas, 19-21
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Index 329 Gibbs free energy (G), 25
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Index 331 octet rule, 128, 135, 140
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Index 333 viscosity, 161 voltaic ce
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Untitled - Kelly Walsh High School

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