Untitled - Kelly Walsh High School

322 CHEMISTRY FOR THE UTTERLY CONFUSED
condensation reactions were amino acids, the amide groups would be peptide
bonds, and the polymer would be a polypeptide or a protein.
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon containing compounds. Hydrocarbons
contain only carbon and hydrogen. Alkanes contain only carbon-to-carbon single
bonds, while alkenes contain a carbon-to-carbon double bond and alkynes
contain a triple bond. There are systematic rules for naming organic compounds.
Functional groups are groups in organic compounds that give the molecule
its characteristic reactivity.
Polymers are large, high molecular weight compounds formed by linking
together smaller monomer units. Proteins are naturally occurring polymers of
amino acid monomer units joined by a peptide bond. Carbohydrates are composed
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Cellulose and starch are examples of
carbohydrates. Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, direct and store information for
reproduction and cellular growth.
There are a number of important types of organic reactions, including combustion,
substitution, addition (such as hydrogenation, and halogenation.), condensation,
as well as many others.
1. How many carbon atoms may bond together?
2. What are the four types of hydrocarbons?
3. What type(s) of organic compounds react in combustion reactions?
4. What is the general formula of an alkane?
5. How is the general formula of a cycloalkane similar to the general formula
of an alkene?
6. When naming an alkane, what suffix must be present?
7. In organic compounds, how many bonds does carbon always have?
8. When an organic molecule reacts, where is the most likely site of reaction?
9. Write a balanced chemical equation showing how three molecules of ethylene,
CH 2˙CH 2, react to form polyethylene.
10. A polymer of amino acids is __________.
11. Circle each of the chiral carbon atoms in the following molecule:
H
HO
HO
H
CHO
C OH
C H
C H
C OH
CH 2OH