Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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6. Symbol s Although multiple views allow the comprehensive representation of a three-dimensional object, symbolic conventions are added to the figurative drawing in order to help the reading along. These symbols highlight the technological information indispensable to the comprehension of the way the artefact was manufactured and used. In some cases, one of the descriptive views can be skipped if symbols are used. For instance, the lower unretouched face of an endscraper need not be drawn provided the direction of the debitage axis - when it differs from the morphological axis - is indicated by a symbol. Some symbols have become established by usage and those most currently used are listed below. While the symbols pertaining to knapping are accepted, there are no specific conventions for symbolizing traces of use. Microwear studies have only recently developed, and this may explain the lack of homogeneity in the conventions devised to symbolize function. Illustrators, microwear analysts and photographers also should co-operate to establish consistent rules, for this is a means of communication essential to microwear studies. • Debitage products Debitage is symbolized by a crossed arrow with or without a dot (fig. 53). The arrow indicates the orientation of debitage. It corresponds with the debitage axis. The crossed arrow symbolizes the orientation and the direction of debitage. The dot indicates the presence of a butt. When objects are oriented according to their morphological axis, this symbol allows the representation of the butt-and-bulb part and of the debitage axis. It is positioned outside the drawing of the upper or lower face view. When it accompanies the upper face view, this symbol substitutes for the drawing of the lower face view when the latter face is unretouched (fig. 58 : 9). When the artefact displays a double bulb, the symbol is a double crossed arrow. The double dot indicates the presence of a butt. While the dot denotes the presence of a butt, the symbol does not exempt the illustrator from drawing the end view, which shows the exact morphology of the butt. The symbol is indeed but a token of presence, it is necessary but not always sufficient. The following symbols are strongly advised against in association with debitage : Presence of a butt. It can be mistaken for the link between two views or for the mention "obsidian". It is indicative neither of the orientation nor of the direction of debitage. Orientation and direction of debitage, and presence of a butt. When the butt is lacking the symbol is irrelevant. Orientation and direction of debitage. There is nothing to indicate whether the butt is present or not. The head of the arrow alone without the shaft does not accuratly show direction. Orientation and direction of debitage, and presence of a butt. These two symbols are already used for burin blows. We advocate the symbols shown in figure 52. • Breaks (figs. 51 and 53) The term is used indiscriminately for both intentional and accidental ruptures. 121
Orientation an d direction of debitag e 1 : without a but t 2 : with a but t Orientation an d direction of debitage an d presence o f a double bul b 1 : without a but t 2 : with a but t Break 1 : modern retouch (o r break ) 2 : archaeological retouc h "Siret" acciden t 1 : without a butt 2 : with a but t Burin blo w 1 : without a negative bul b 2 : with a negative bul b Previous buri n blo w 1 : without a negative bul b 2 : with a negative bul b Wear trace s (blunting , abrasion ) Gloss Obsidian artefac t Fig. 52 — Symbolic conventions in figurative drawings.
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Technology and Terminology of Knapp
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In the same collection Préhistoire
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Authors Marie-Louise Inizan*, Mich
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Chapter 4 : Debitage 59 The core De
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List o f illustration s Fig. 1 Raw
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Foreword Many students and research
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Why? Technology has its place withi
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In blade debitage 17 , for instance
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Chapter 1 Raw material s Knapped ha
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2. Knappin g suitability o f hard r
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• A single block of raw material
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Raw material procuremen t strategie
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unmodified block roughed ou t or pr
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Knapping, shaping, flaking, retouch
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could not be reached with such othe
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ipples, hackles (see p. 142). Parad
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• Languette 31 breaks occurring o
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- distinguish intentional from unin
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Fig. 9 — Blade debitage carried o
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Chapter 3 Shaping We use the term s
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to another in the course of roughin
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Fig. 13 — Example of bifacial sha
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aspects be from now on taken into c
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Polyhedral and spheroidal shaping a
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Fig. 18 — Preforms. 1 : experimen
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(fig. 18 : 3), using indirect percu
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As a rule, the part played by shapi
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study should not be dissociated fro
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Fig. 21 62 1 — Relatively simple
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Fig. 22 — Volumetric representati
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66 Fig. 23 — Levallois debitage o
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1. Recurrent unipolar Levallois met
Page 71 and 72: 0 1 2 3 9 Fig. 26 — Various examp
Page 73 and 74: 72 Fig. 28 — Phonolite cleaver on
Page 75 and 76: In the repeated production of blade
Page 77 and 78: Indirect percussion Strangely enoug
Page 79 and 80: Fig. 31 — Pressure debitage of bl
Page 81 and 82: method was invented in a Sibero-Mon
Page 83 and 84: These seven characteristics, as wel
Page 85 and 86: If the microburin blow has removed
Page 87 and 88: Fig. 34 — Various examples of spe
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 6 Technology a s a means to
Page 92 and 93: 1. Observation o f surface conditio
Page 94 and 95: 3. Framework fo r th e readin g o f
Page 96 and 97: Fig. 36 — Refitting. Centripetal
Page 98 and 99: hammer, the stability of the core o
Page 100 and 101: Only the major milestones in the co
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 7 0 I ~"~2 3 4 o Graphic re
Page 104 and 105: 103 Fig. 37 — Acheulean handaxe,
Page 106 and 107: Fig. 39 — Pressure-flaked bladele
Page 108 and 109: Fig. 41 — Examples of orientation
Page 110 and 111: 1 I Fig. 43 — Two layouts of view
Page 112 and 113: 4. Graphi c desig n an d techniqu e
Page 114 and 115: Fig. 46 — Tracing the outline and
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 47 — Uncompleted laurel leaf
Page 118 and 119: Fig. 48 — Graphical treatment of
Page 120 and 121: Fig. 50 — Large convex Mousterian
Page 124 and 125: Clean breaks are indicated by two s
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 54 — Schematic representatio
Page 128: indicated by numbered arrows. The p
Page 131 and 132: ANVIL. A block of relatively hard s
Page 133 and 134: produced at the very moment the fla
Page 135 and 136: Fig. 60 — Inclination of a burin
Page 137 and 138: Fig. 62 — Various types of butts.
Page 139 and 140: If the morphology of the raw materi
Page 141 and 142: 7 8 9 11 1 2 13 1 4 1 5 Fig. 65 —
Page 143 and 144: - or from a cobble, a slab, a core,
Page 145 and 146: INVERSE. A term defining a position
Page 147 and 148: distinguish the types of certain to
Page 149 and 150: Fig. 72 — The stone-knapper's set
Page 151 and 152: 5 Fig. 74 — Various examples of p
Page 153 and 154: 1 2 3 Fig. 75 — Position of remov
Page 155 and 156: 0 1 cm Fig. 78 — Proximal fragmen
Page 157 and 158: conventionally applied to "the fash
Page 160 and 161: AKAZAWA T., ODA S., YAMANAKA I. 198
Page 162 and 163: CRABTREE D.E. 1966 A stone worker's
Page 164 and 165: LAPLACE G. 1964 Essai de typologie
Page 166 and 167: SEMENOV S. A. 1964 Prehistoric tech
Page 168: Multilingual vocabulary
Page 171 and 172: pressure platfor m : proximal: f i
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ENGLISH : FRENCH abrasion : abrasio
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Levallois (méthode, éclat, etc.)
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punctiform : punktförmi g refittin
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ENGLISH : GREEK translated by A. Mo
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epiklinήV (epexergasίa) : low ang
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punch : punzone punctiform : puntif
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ENGLISH : PORTUGUESE translated by
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face : fac e faceta: buri n face t
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pressure platform : plano de presi
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Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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