Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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with waste, is now outdated; burins and their spalls form a pair, whose use and purposes can vary according to the different cultures. However, the principle remains, demonstrated yet again, that a technique furthers an intention towards various ends. 3. Tranehet blo w techniqu e On one of the edges of a triangular and elongated axe-shaped bifacial (or bifacially retouched) piece, a blow is applied close to the edge that acts as the cutting edge. This causes a removal negative at an acute angle to the face that was struck, thus creating a sharp cutting edge perpendicular to the axis of the piece (fig. 34 : 1). In some cases, this is a resharpening technique. An identical technique applied near the point on Acheulean handaxes, either on one face or alternating on both, has been named the "lateral tranehet blow" (fig. 34 : 2). This technique, which is a lot more common than one might have thought (10% of the handaxes in the Somme valley, France 82 ) always results in a roughly symmetrical final shape; it therefore represents the ultimate intention, whether resharpening is involved or not. The resulting waste products have a characteristic morphology. 4. Clactonia n notc h techniqu e It is too often forgotten that the simple action of striking a flake quite far from the edge, on either of the faces, creates a notch that consists of a single removal negative, known as a Clactonian notch. The resulting characteristic waste products are indicative of the technique (fig. 34 : 4). Amongst other possibilities, this technique can be used to reshape the transversal convexity ("cintrage") of the front of a carinated endscraper (fig. 34 : 7). 5. Other technique s • The "channel-flaking" of some projectile points (fig. 63) or their basal thinning, are two examples of special techniques, with characteristic waste products, specific to the Americas. • "Obsidian side-blow blade-flaking" (fig. 34 : 3), a special technique of repeated Clactonian truncation, is the fracture of a pressure-flaked obsidian blade perpendicularly to its debitage axis, by a blow usually applied in the middle of its upper face. In the present state of knowledge, such a technique is the signature of cultural traditions with a limited existence in both time and space (pre-pottery Neolithic of northern Mesopotamia). 82 Zuatey Zuber, 1972. 85
Fig. 34 — Various examples of speeial techniques. 1 : tranchet blow, la : resulting characteristic waste product. 2 : lateral tranchet blow on an Acheulean handaxe. 3 : successive Clactonian truncations ("obsidian side-blow blade-flaking") on a pressure-flaked obsidian blade, and resulting waste products (Braidwood, 1961 : fig. 1). 4 : Clactonian notch technique and waste product. 5 : Quina retouch and resulting waste product. 6 : convex Quina sidescraper with scaled and stepped retouches. 7 : "carinated endscraper" type core, and conjoining Clactonian notch waste product (with a "Siret" accident); the notch reduces the width of the "front", thus allowing further debitage; Aurignacian, Bergeracois flint, Corbiac-Vignoble 2, Dordogne. 86
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Technology and Terminology of Knapp
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In the same collection Préhistoire
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Authors Marie-Louise Inizan*, Mich
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Chapter 4 : Debitage 59 The core De
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List o f illustration s Fig. 1 Raw
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Foreword Many students and research
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Why? Technology has its place withi
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In blade debitage 17 , for instance
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Chapter 1 Raw material s Knapped ha
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2. Knappin g suitability o f hard r
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• A single block of raw material
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Raw material procuremen t strategie
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unmodified block roughed ou t or pr
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Knapping, shaping, flaking, retouch
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could not be reached with such othe
Page 35 and 36: ipples, hackles (see p. 142). Parad
Page 37 and 38: • Languette 31 breaks occurring o
Page 39 and 40: - distinguish intentional from unin
Page 41 and 42: Fig. 9 — Blade debitage carried o
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 3 Shaping We use the term s
Page 46 and 47: to another in the course of roughin
Page 48 and 49: Fig. 13 — Example of bifacial sha
Page 50 and 51: aspects be from now on taken into c
Page 52 and 53: Polyhedral and spheroidal shaping a
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 18 — Preforms. 1 : experimen
Page 56 and 57: (fig. 18 : 3), using indirect percu
Page 58: As a rule, the part played by shapi
Page 61 and 62: study should not be dissociated fro
Page 63 and 64: Fig. 21 62 1 — Relatively simple
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 22 — Volumetric representati
Page 67 and 68: 66 Fig. 23 — Levallois debitage o
Page 69 and 70: 1. Recurrent unipolar Levallois met
Page 71 and 72: 0 1 2 3 9 Fig. 26 — Various examp
Page 73 and 74: 72 Fig. 28 — Phonolite cleaver on
Page 75 and 76: In the repeated production of blade
Page 77 and 78: Indirect percussion Strangely enoug
Page 79 and 80: Fig. 31 — Pressure debitage of bl
Page 81 and 82: method was invented in a Sibero-Mon
Page 83 and 84: These seven characteristics, as wel
Page 85: If the microburin blow has removed
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 6 Technology a s a means to
Page 92 and 93: 1. Observation o f surface conditio
Page 94 and 95: 3. Framework fo r th e readin g o f
Page 96 and 97: Fig. 36 — Refitting. Centripetal
Page 98 and 99: hammer, the stability of the core o
Page 100 and 101: Only the major milestones in the co
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 7 0 I ~"~2 3 4 o Graphic re
Page 104 and 105: 103 Fig. 37 — Acheulean handaxe,
Page 106 and 107: Fig. 39 — Pressure-flaked bladele
Page 108 and 109: Fig. 41 — Examples of orientation
Page 110 and 111: 1 I Fig. 43 — Two layouts of view
Page 112 and 113: 4. Graphi c desig n an d techniqu e
Page 114 and 115: Fig. 46 — Tracing the outline and
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 47 — Uncompleted laurel leaf
Page 118 and 119: Fig. 48 — Graphical treatment of
Page 120 and 121: Fig. 50 — Large convex Mousterian
Page 122 and 123: 6. Symbol s Although multiple views
Page 124 and 125: Clean breaks are indicated by two s
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 54 — Schematic representatio
Page 128: indicated by numbered arrows. The p
Page 131 and 132: ANVIL. A block of relatively hard s
Page 133 and 134: produced at the very moment the fla
Page 135 and 136: Fig. 60 — Inclination of a burin
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Fig. 62 — Various types of butts.
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If the morphology of the raw materi
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7 8 9 11 1 2 13 1 4 1 5 Fig. 65 —
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- or from a cobble, a slab, a core,
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INVERSE. A term defining a position
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distinguish the types of certain to
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Fig. 72 — The stone-knapper's set
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5 Fig. 74 — Various examples of p
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1 2 3 Fig. 75 — Position of remov
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0 1 cm Fig. 78 — Proximal fragmen
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conventionally applied to "the fash
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AKAZAWA T., ODA S., YAMANAKA I. 198
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CRABTREE D.E. 1966 A stone worker's
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LAPLACE G. 1964 Essai de typologie
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SEMENOV S. A. 1964 Prehistoric tech
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Multilingual vocabulary
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pressure platfor m : proximal: f i
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ENGLISH : FRENCH abrasion : abrasio
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Levallois (méthode, éclat, etc.)
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punctiform : punktförmi g refittin
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ENGLISH : GREEK translated by A. Mo
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epiklinήV (epexergasίa) : low ang
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punch : punzone punctiform : puntif
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ENGLISH : PORTUGUESE translated by
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face : fac e faceta: buri n face t
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pressure platform : plano de presi
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Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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