Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 Fig. 58 -— Surfaces liable to be used as striking or pressure platforms for burin blows : a cortical surface (1), an unretouched debitage surface (2), an unretouched cutting edge (3), a retouched surface (4), a transversal break (5), a burin facet (6), a "piquant-triedre" (7), a Clactonian notch (8), a butt (9), a notch (10), the tip of a bifacial arrowhead (11), etc. Fig. 59 — Various examples of multiple burins. Double burins. 1 : on truncation. 2 : alternate on truncations. 3 : axis dihedral. 4 : on notches. 5 : dihedral déjete and on truncation. 6 : dihedral déjete and on Clactonian notch. 7 : dihedral déjete and angle dihedral. 8 : dihedral déjete and on transversal burin facet. Triple burins. 9 : dihedral déjete and double on break. 10 : double on truncation and simple on break. Quadruple burins. 11 : on truncations. Burins 5, 6 and 10 belong to the multiple mixed type. 133
Fig. 60 — Inclination of a burin facet to the lower face of a blade. 1 : perpendicular. 2 : slightly angled. 3 : sharply angled. spall, instead of ending along the edge to which the burin blow has been applied, arches in the opposite direction and removes the entire end section of the tool (fig. 61:4, 5). See plunging . - Hinge d spall s : the opposite accidental effect occurs when the spall is shortened by an outward arching of the fracture plane, which leaves a characteristic hook on the burin (fig. 61:6). See hinged . - Twiste d spall s : these are caused by helicoidal fractures, which may accidentally occur when the burin blow is applied (fig. 61 : 7). Careful scrutiny of the spalls provides valuable information on the production, sharpening and transformation methods and techniques of burins brought into play in the various lithic assemblages. BURIN TIP . That part of the burin from which the removal(s) made by the burin blow(s) stem. It consists of at least three surfaces (fig. 57). BUTT. The butt of a flake (in the broader sense) is the part of a striking or pressure platform detached during removal. The nature and morphology of a butt therefore depends on that of the striking or pressure platform (whether prepared or not), and on the technical procedures applied (fig. 62). 1) If the butt bears no traces of preparation, it is natural, cortical, and of varied morphology. 2) When it bears traces of preparation, the butt can be indicative of knapping techniques and methods. In this event, butts can be: 134 - flat, showing a single knapped surface; - dihedral , showing the negatives of two previous removals, separated by an arris; - facetted , showing several preparation negatives (facets), and therefore of varied morphology (rectilinear, convex, concave, etc.). A butt can consist of a tiny surface. In this case, the terms linea r or punctifor m are applied. In addition to these general terms by which butts are defined, there are conventional expressions that apply to special types of butt, and correspond to technical procedures. For instance : - the "chapeau de gendarme" 124 : the profile of this very distinctive butt should be looked at face-on; while this type of butt is common in Levallois debitage (for a good, preferential impact point), it occurs during every period, irrespective of the methods applied; - the winged butt, which should be looked at end-on; this type of butt, which results from the removal of two exactly superposed flakes, occurs throughout prehistory, but this method of debitage is only systematic in specific regions and periods (Egyptian Neolithic, Near Eastern Early Bronze Age); - the spu r butt, which should be looked at from underneath; this morphology is characteristic of Upper Palaeolithic blade debitage (particularly Magdalenian). Also indicative of techniques and methods, the angles between the butt and the upper 124 Bordes, 1947.
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Technology and Terminology of Knapp
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In the same collection Préhistoire
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Authors Marie-Louise Inizan*, Mich
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Chapter 4 : Debitage 59 The core De
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List o f illustration s Fig. 1 Raw
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Foreword Many students and research
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Why? Technology has its place withi
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In blade debitage 17 , for instance
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Chapter 1 Raw material s Knapped ha
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2. Knappin g suitability o f hard r
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• A single block of raw material
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Raw material procuremen t strategie
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unmodified block roughed ou t or pr
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Knapping, shaping, flaking, retouch
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could not be reached with such othe
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ipples, hackles (see p. 142). Parad
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• Languette 31 breaks occurring o
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- distinguish intentional from unin
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Fig. 9 — Blade debitage carried o
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Chapter 3 Shaping We use the term s
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to another in the course of roughin
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Fig. 13 — Example of bifacial sha
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aspects be from now on taken into c
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Polyhedral and spheroidal shaping a
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Fig. 18 — Preforms. 1 : experimen
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(fig. 18 : 3), using indirect percu
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As a rule, the part played by shapi
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study should not be dissociated fro
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Fig. 21 62 1 — Relatively simple
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Fig. 22 — Volumetric representati
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66 Fig. 23 — Levallois debitage o
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1. Recurrent unipolar Levallois met
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0 1 2 3 9 Fig. 26 — Various examp
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72 Fig. 28 — Phonolite cleaver on
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In the repeated production of blade
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Indirect percussion Strangely enoug
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Fig. 31 — Pressure debitage of bl
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method was invented in a Sibero-Mon
Page 83 and 84: These seven characteristics, as wel
Page 85 and 86: If the microburin blow has removed
Page 87 and 88: Fig. 34 — Various examples of spe
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 6 Technology a s a means to
Page 92 and 93: 1. Observation o f surface conditio
Page 94 and 95: 3. Framework fo r th e readin g o f
Page 96 and 97: Fig. 36 — Refitting. Centripetal
Page 98 and 99: hammer, the stability of the core o
Page 100 and 101: Only the major milestones in the co
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 7 0 I ~"~2 3 4 o Graphic re
Page 104 and 105: 103 Fig. 37 — Acheulean handaxe,
Page 106 and 107: Fig. 39 — Pressure-flaked bladele
Page 108 and 109: Fig. 41 — Examples of orientation
Page 110 and 111: 1 I Fig. 43 — Two layouts of view
Page 112 and 113: 4. Graphi c desig n an d techniqu e
Page 114 and 115: Fig. 46 — Tracing the outline and
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 47 — Uncompleted laurel leaf
Page 118 and 119: Fig. 48 — Graphical treatment of
Page 120 and 121: Fig. 50 — Large convex Mousterian
Page 122 and 123: 6. Symbol s Although multiple views
Page 124 and 125: Clean breaks are indicated by two s
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 54 — Schematic representatio
Page 128: indicated by numbered arrows. The p
Page 131 and 132: ANVIL. A block of relatively hard s
Page 133: produced at the very moment the fla
Page 137 and 138: Fig. 62 — Various types of butts.
Page 139 and 140: If the morphology of the raw materi
Page 141 and 142: 7 8 9 11 1 2 13 1 4 1 5 Fig. 65 —
Page 143 and 144: - or from a cobble, a slab, a core,
Page 145 and 146: INVERSE. A term defining a position
Page 147 and 148: distinguish the types of certain to
Page 149 and 150: Fig. 72 — The stone-knapper's set
Page 151 and 152: 5 Fig. 74 — Various examples of p
Page 153 and 154: 1 2 3 Fig. 75 — Position of remov
Page 155 and 156: 0 1 cm Fig. 78 — Proximal fragmen
Page 157 and 158: conventionally applied to "the fash
Page 160 and 161: AKAZAWA T., ODA S., YAMANAKA I. 198
Page 162 and 163: CRABTREE D.E. 1966 A stone worker's
Page 164 and 165: LAPLACE G. 1964 Essai de typologie
Page 166 and 167: SEMENOV S. A. 1964 Prehistoric tech
Page 168: Multilingual vocabulary
Page 171 and 172: pressure platfor m : proximal: f i
Page 173 and 174: ENGLISH : FRENCH abrasion : abrasio
Page 175 and 176: Levallois (méthode, éclat, etc.)
Page 177 and 178: punctiform : punktförmi g refittin
Page 179 and 180: ENGLISH : GREEK translated by A. Mo
Page 181 and 182: epiklinήV (epexergasίa) : low ang
Page 183 and 184: punch : punzone punctiform : puntif
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ENGLISH : PORTUGUESE translated by
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face : fac e faceta: buri n face t
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pressure platform : plano de presi
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Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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