Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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Fig. 25 — Debitage of a Levallois point. regularly convex bulb. It is therefore by using the convexity of the lower face of this first flake that the shape and thickness of a second flake (or several successive flakes) can be predetermined (fig. 27). After the debitage of the flake whose lower face will serve as a debitage surface, and before the removal of the Kombewa flake, a striking platform can be prepared, but this is an optional step. The two impacts that removed first the core-flake, and then the Kombewa flake, can oriented in any direction relative to one another. The manufacture of cleavers is one of the main purposes of the big Kombewa flakes of the African Acheulean (fig. 28). A few rare examples show that the Kombewa method, in combination with the Levallois method for the shape of the flake, was used to manufacture cleavers of the Tabelbala type (an intentionally plunging Levallois flake) 67 . In that case the upper face is mostly formed by the convexity of a large percussion bulb instead of being prepared by predetermining removals. The expression "Kombewa method" (based on the expression "Levallois method") is relevant whenever there is evidence for the clear intention to predetermine, and therefore produce, Kombewa flakes. This is for instance the case for some French Mousterian pieces 68 , for the mata'a tanged obsidian pieces from Easter Island (fig. 49 : 3), for some gun flints from Britain or from the Vaucluse in France, and for the flints used in Spain for threshing sledges. 67 Tixier, 1956; Alimen, 1978. 68 Bordes, 1961 and 1975 ; Geneste, 1985. 69
0 1 2 3 9 Fig. 26 — Various examples of Levallois products. 1 : preferential-flake Levallois core, sandstone, Ai'n Chebli, Morocco. 2 : Levallois point, flint, Kebara, Israel (Meignen, 1995). 3 : Levallois flake, flint, recurrent centripetal debitage; bearing macro and microscopic wear traces resulting from butchering activities, La Combette, Vaucluse. 70
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Technology and Terminology of Knapp
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In the same collection Préhistoire
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Authors Marie-Louise Inizan*, Mich
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Chapter 4 : Debitage 59 The core De
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List o f illustration s Fig. 1 Raw
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Foreword Many students and research
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Why? Technology has its place withi
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In blade debitage 17 , for instance
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 Raw material s Knapped ha
Page 22 and 23: 2. Knappin g suitability o f hard r
Page 24 and 25: • A single block of raw material
Page 26 and 27: Raw material procuremen t strategie
Page 28: unmodified block roughed ou t or pr
Page 31 and 32: Knapping, shaping, flaking, retouch
Page 33 and 34: could not be reached with such othe
Page 35 and 36: ipples, hackles (see p. 142). Parad
Page 37 and 38: • Languette 31 breaks occurring o
Page 39 and 40: - distinguish intentional from unin
Page 41 and 42: Fig. 9 — Blade debitage carried o
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 3 Shaping We use the term s
Page 46 and 47: to another in the course of roughin
Page 48 and 49: Fig. 13 — Example of bifacial sha
Page 50 and 51: aspects be from now on taken into c
Page 52 and 53: Polyhedral and spheroidal shaping a
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 18 — Preforms. 1 : experimen
Page 56 and 57: (fig. 18 : 3), using indirect percu
Page 58: As a rule, the part played by shapi
Page 61 and 62: study should not be dissociated fro
Page 63 and 64: Fig. 21 62 1 — Relatively simple
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 22 — Volumetric representati
Page 67 and 68: 66 Fig. 23 — Levallois debitage o
Page 69: 1. Recurrent unipolar Levallois met
Page 73 and 74: 72 Fig. 28 — Phonolite cleaver on
Page 75 and 76: In the repeated production of blade
Page 77 and 78: Indirect percussion Strangely enoug
Page 79 and 80: Fig. 31 — Pressure debitage of bl
Page 81 and 82: method was invented in a Sibero-Mon
Page 83 and 84: These seven characteristics, as wel
Page 85 and 86: If the microburin blow has removed
Page 87 and 88: Fig. 34 — Various examples of spe
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 6 Technology a s a means to
Page 92 and 93: 1. Observation o f surface conditio
Page 94 and 95: 3. Framework fo r th e readin g o f
Page 96 and 97: Fig. 36 — Refitting. Centripetal
Page 98 and 99: hammer, the stability of the core o
Page 100 and 101: Only the major milestones in the co
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 7 0 I ~"~2 3 4 o Graphic re
Page 104 and 105: 103 Fig. 37 — Acheulean handaxe,
Page 106 and 107: Fig. 39 — Pressure-flaked bladele
Page 108 and 109: Fig. 41 — Examples of orientation
Page 110 and 111: 1 I Fig. 43 — Two layouts of view
Page 112 and 113: 4. Graphi c desig n an d techniqu e
Page 114 and 115: Fig. 46 — Tracing the outline and
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 47 — Uncompleted laurel leaf
Page 118 and 119: Fig. 48 — Graphical treatment of
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Fig. 50 — Large convex Mousterian
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6. Symbol s Although multiple views
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Clean breaks are indicated by two s
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Fig. 54 — Schematic representatio
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indicated by numbered arrows. The p
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ANVIL. A block of relatively hard s
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produced at the very moment the fla
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Fig. 60 — Inclination of a burin
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Fig. 62 — Various types of butts.
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If the morphology of the raw materi
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7 8 9 11 1 2 13 1 4 1 5 Fig. 65 —
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- or from a cobble, a slab, a core,
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INVERSE. A term defining a position
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distinguish the types of certain to
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Fig. 72 — The stone-knapper's set
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5 Fig. 74 — Various examples of p
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1 2 3 Fig. 75 — Position of remov
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0 1 cm Fig. 78 — Proximal fragmen
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conventionally applied to "the fash
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AKAZAWA T., ODA S., YAMANAKA I. 198
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CRABTREE D.E. 1966 A stone worker's
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LAPLACE G. 1964 Essai de typologie
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SEMENOV S. A. 1964 Prehistoric tech
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Multilingual vocabulary
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pressure platfor m : proximal: f i
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ENGLISH : FRENCH abrasion : abrasio
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Levallois (méthode, éclat, etc.)
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punctiform : punktförmi g refittin
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ENGLISH : GREEK translated by A. Mo
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epiklinήV (epexergasίa) : low ang
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punch : punzone punctiform : puntif
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ENGLISH : PORTUGUESE translated by
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face : fac e faceta: buri n face t
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pressure platform : plano de presi
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LOUIS-JEAN avenue d'Embrun, 05003 G
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Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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