Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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Fig. 30 — Experimental blade and bladelet debitage positions. 1 : using a grooved device and applying pressure with a small hand-held tool. 2 : using a shoulder-crutch. 3a : using an abdominal crutch. 3b : immobilizing the core (detail). 4 : using a pectoral crutch. 5 : using an abdominal crutch, with the core held firm between the feet. (1, 2, 3 : J. Pelegrin; 4 : J. Tixier; 5 : J.E. Clark). 77
Fig. 31 — Pressure debitage of blades (or bladelets), different types of cores. 1 : pyramidal core. 2 : bullet core. 3 : flat core. 4 : flat core with two successive debitage surfaces. precision and maximum standardization, thanks to parallel arrises. It is also a much more profitable technique than percussion debitage; it actually allows an "ideal" blade debitage, removing two arrises from the core while creating two more. More than any other debitage technique, pressure-flaking gave rise to feats of imagination, reflected in the various ways of shaping out different sized cores, in the rubbing down of pressure platforms when obsidian is used, and in the polishing of some parts of the core during debitage to smooth out irregularities 76 (fig. 78). Because pressure-flaking is a technique that allows the core to be worked until it is spent (as the large number of documented bullet cores shows), plunging is a common accident. It is therefore unthinkable and illogical to pressure-flake from two opposite pressure platforms. Recognition criteria 77 On the core Very rectilinear and regularly parallel arrises help to distinguish a pressure-flaked core from a percussion-flaked core, while the morphology itself can be variable (fig. 31). 76 Inizan, Tixier, 1983. 77 J. Tixier's first assessment of the recognition criteria of this technique was based on the Upper Capsian lithic industry of the Ain Dokkara (Tixier, 1976a). 78 A
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Technology and Terminology of Knapp
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In the same collection Préhistoire
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Authors Marie-Louise Inizan*, Mich
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Chapter 4 : Debitage 59 The core De
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List o f illustration s Fig. 1 Raw
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Foreword Many students and research
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Why? Technology has its place withi
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In blade debitage 17 , for instance
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Chapter 1 Raw material s Knapped ha
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2. Knappin g suitability o f hard r
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• A single block of raw material
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Raw material procuremen t strategie
Page 28: unmodified block roughed ou t or pr
Page 31 and 32: Knapping, shaping, flaking, retouch
Page 33 and 34: could not be reached with such othe
Page 35 and 36: ipples, hackles (see p. 142). Parad
Page 37 and 38: • Languette 31 breaks occurring o
Page 39 and 40: - distinguish intentional from unin
Page 41 and 42: Fig. 9 — Blade debitage carried o
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 3 Shaping We use the term s
Page 46 and 47: to another in the course of roughin
Page 48 and 49: Fig. 13 — Example of bifacial sha
Page 50 and 51: aspects be from now on taken into c
Page 52 and 53: Polyhedral and spheroidal shaping a
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 18 — Preforms. 1 : experimen
Page 56 and 57: (fig. 18 : 3), using indirect percu
Page 58: As a rule, the part played by shapi
Page 61 and 62: study should not be dissociated fro
Page 63 and 64: Fig. 21 62 1 — Relatively simple
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 22 — Volumetric representati
Page 67 and 68: 66 Fig. 23 — Levallois debitage o
Page 69 and 70: 1. Recurrent unipolar Levallois met
Page 71 and 72: 0 1 2 3 9 Fig. 26 — Various examp
Page 73 and 74: 72 Fig. 28 — Phonolite cleaver on
Page 75 and 76: In the repeated production of blade
Page 77: Indirect percussion Strangely enoug
Page 81 and 82: method was invented in a Sibero-Mon
Page 83 and 84: These seven characteristics, as wel
Page 85 and 86: If the microburin blow has removed
Page 87 and 88: Fig. 34 — Various examples of spe
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 6 Technology a s a means to
Page 92 and 93: 1. Observation o f surface conditio
Page 94 and 95: 3. Framework fo r th e readin g o f
Page 96 and 97: Fig. 36 — Refitting. Centripetal
Page 98 and 99: hammer, the stability of the core o
Page 100 and 101: Only the major milestones in the co
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 7 0 I ~"~2 3 4 o Graphic re
Page 104 and 105: 103 Fig. 37 — Acheulean handaxe,
Page 106 and 107: Fig. 39 — Pressure-flaked bladele
Page 108 and 109: Fig. 41 — Examples of orientation
Page 110 and 111: 1 I Fig. 43 — Two layouts of view
Page 112 and 113: 4. Graphi c desig n an d techniqu e
Page 114 and 115: Fig. 46 — Tracing the outline and
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 47 — Uncompleted laurel leaf
Page 118 and 119: Fig. 48 — Graphical treatment of
Page 120 and 121: Fig. 50 — Large convex Mousterian
Page 122 and 123: 6. Symbol s Although multiple views
Page 124 and 125: Clean breaks are indicated by two s
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 54 — Schematic representatio
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indicated by numbered arrows. The p
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ANVIL. A block of relatively hard s
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produced at the very moment the fla
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Fig. 60 — Inclination of a burin
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Fig. 62 — Various types of butts.
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If the morphology of the raw materi
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7 8 9 11 1 2 13 1 4 1 5 Fig. 65 —
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- or from a cobble, a slab, a core,
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INVERSE. A term defining a position
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distinguish the types of certain to
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Fig. 72 — The stone-knapper's set
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5 Fig. 74 — Various examples of p
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1 2 3 Fig. 75 — Position of remov
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0 1 cm Fig. 78 — Proximal fragmen
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conventionally applied to "the fash
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AKAZAWA T., ODA S., YAMANAKA I. 198
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CRABTREE D.E. 1966 A stone worker's
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LAPLACE G. 1964 Essai de typologie
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SEMENOV S. A. 1964 Prehistoric tech
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Multilingual vocabulary
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pressure platfor m : proximal: f i
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ENGLISH : FRENCH abrasion : abrasio
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Levallois (méthode, éclat, etc.)
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punctiform : punktförmi g refittin
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ENGLISH : GREEK translated by A. Mo
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epiklinήV (epexergasίa) : low ang
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punch : punzone punctiform : puntif
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ENGLISH : PORTUGUESE translated by
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face : fac e faceta: buri n face t
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pressure platform : plano de presi
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LOUIS-JEAN avenue d'Embrun, 05003 G
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Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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