Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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Clean breaks are indicated by two short parallel dashes on either side of the broken zone. Barring exceptions, breaks do not require being represented on any particular view. However, when the break can be observed on the upper or lower face view it is shaded and hatched with direction lines like the rest of the drawing. Some objects display modern breaks or retouches, which should be left blank. Any blank area is considered to be of modern origin; it is therefore very important that the entire surface of the drawing should be inked (using dots, dashes, direction lines). • Knapping accidents Flakes that display a "Siret" accidental break are oriented like any other flake, with a symbol accompanying the proximal part: a double crossed arrow pulled out of line. A dot denotes the presence of a half-butt (fig. 34 : 7). Languette breaks are indicated by two short, wide dashes on either side of the fracture, and by the side view of its missing complement. The same conventions apply to nacelle breaks (figs. 7 : 3, 4, 5). • Special techniques Microburin blow technique (fig. 33) The "piquant-triedre" is shown on the upper face view and is supplemented by the outline drawing of the missing part, i.e. the microburin. This device allows an unambiguous rendering of the technique itself, which is otherwise difficult to portray. Burin blow technique (figs. 57, 58, 59, 79) The removal negatives associated with this technique are emphasized by arrows. These are oriented and directed according to the burin blow negatives they indicate. Numbers specify the order of removal, when the latter can be determined. The last burin blow is symbolized by a solid arrow. When the negative bulb is present a dot is added to the arrow. The negatives of previous burin blows are symbolized by broken arrows (short dashes). • Macroscopic wear traces (figs. 51 and 53) Blunting is the outcome of any action that has altered a cutting edge by making it less sharp. Abrasion refers to the wear of an edge through friction. These two types of wear are symbolized by a dotted line outside the drawing. The length and position of the dotted line indicates the altered zones. The intensity of wear is empirically shown by varying the size of the dots. • Gloss (fig. 51) This refers to the shiny aspect of a surface brought about by friction. Gloss is symbolized by applying a fine grade stippled shading film to all the surfaces where it can be observed, both on the upper and lower faces. Sometimes, a line of small regular circles or dots accompanies the shading film symbol. It is positioned outside the drawing, along the gloss-bearing zone on the upper or lower face. Assessing The quality of a published illustration should be assessed to ensure that it can be correctly interpreted. Indeed, an aesthetically pleasing drawing is not necessarily an informative one. There are six indispensable criteria to be considered for the adequate assessment of a graphical representation. 1. Scal e Illustrations must always include a bar scale specifying the standard of measurement. For the sake of consistency and legibility, all the drawings for one article should have the same scale. If drawings displayed on the same plate do not have the same reduction factor because of layout constraints, a bar scale must be related to each of them. Bar scales are often subsituted for by verbal scales (e.g. FS for Full Scale) or by representative fractions in the caption. This is strongly advised against because the true proportions will not be retained when the drawing is reduced. Some illustrations have been 123
previous buri n blo w limit o f partia l vie w Fig. 53 — Illustration of the main symbols used. enlarged or reduced a number of times according to the successive publications they appear in, so that the scale indication has become quite meaningless. 124 burin blo w with negativ e bul b recent accidental retouc h conjoining 2. Orientatio n section links betwee n two views o f th e same objec t cortex blunted aspec t gloss break direction o f debitag e without but t Have the layout conventions been respected ?
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Technology and Terminology of Knapp
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In the same collection Préhistoire
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Authors Marie-Louise Inizan*, Mich
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Chapter 4 : Debitage 59 The core De
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List o f illustration s Fig. 1 Raw
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Foreword Many students and research
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Why? Technology has its place withi
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In blade debitage 17 , for instance
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Chapter 1 Raw material s Knapped ha
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2. Knappin g suitability o f hard r
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• A single block of raw material
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Raw material procuremen t strategie
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unmodified block roughed ou t or pr
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Knapping, shaping, flaking, retouch
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could not be reached with such othe
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ipples, hackles (see p. 142). Parad
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• Languette 31 breaks occurring o
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- distinguish intentional from unin
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Fig. 9 — Blade debitage carried o
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Chapter 3 Shaping We use the term s
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to another in the course of roughin
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Fig. 13 — Example of bifacial sha
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aspects be from now on taken into c
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Polyhedral and spheroidal shaping a
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Fig. 18 — Preforms. 1 : experimen
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(fig. 18 : 3), using indirect percu
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As a rule, the part played by shapi
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study should not be dissociated fro
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Fig. 21 62 1 — Relatively simple
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Fig. 22 — Volumetric representati
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66 Fig. 23 — Levallois debitage o
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1. Recurrent unipolar Levallois met
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0 1 2 3 9 Fig. 26 — Various examp
Page 73 and 74: 72 Fig. 28 — Phonolite cleaver on
Page 75 and 76: In the repeated production of blade
Page 77 and 78: Indirect percussion Strangely enoug
Page 79 and 80: Fig. 31 — Pressure debitage of bl
Page 81 and 82: method was invented in a Sibero-Mon
Page 83 and 84: These seven characteristics, as wel
Page 85 and 86: If the microburin blow has removed
Page 87 and 88: Fig. 34 — Various examples of spe
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 6 Technology a s a means to
Page 92 and 93: 1. Observation o f surface conditio
Page 94 and 95: 3. Framework fo r th e readin g o f
Page 96 and 97: Fig. 36 — Refitting. Centripetal
Page 98 and 99: hammer, the stability of the core o
Page 100 and 101: Only the major milestones in the co
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 7 0 I ~"~2 3 4 o Graphic re
Page 104 and 105: 103 Fig. 37 — Acheulean handaxe,
Page 106 and 107: Fig. 39 — Pressure-flaked bladele
Page 108 and 109: Fig. 41 — Examples of orientation
Page 110 and 111: 1 I Fig. 43 — Two layouts of view
Page 112 and 113: 4. Graphi c desig n an d techniqu e
Page 114 and 115: Fig. 46 — Tracing the outline and
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 47 — Uncompleted laurel leaf
Page 118 and 119: Fig. 48 — Graphical treatment of
Page 120 and 121: Fig. 50 — Large convex Mousterian
Page 122 and 123: 6. Symbol s Although multiple views
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 54 — Schematic representatio
Page 128: indicated by numbered arrows. The p
Page 131 and 132: ANVIL. A block of relatively hard s
Page 133 and 134: produced at the very moment the fla
Page 135 and 136: Fig. 60 — Inclination of a burin
Page 137 and 138: Fig. 62 — Various types of butts.
Page 139 and 140: If the morphology of the raw materi
Page 141 and 142: 7 8 9 11 1 2 13 1 4 1 5 Fig. 65 —
Page 143 and 144: - or from a cobble, a slab, a core,
Page 145 and 146: INVERSE. A term defining a position
Page 147 and 148: distinguish the types of certain to
Page 149 and 150: Fig. 72 — The stone-knapper's set
Page 151 and 152: 5 Fig. 74 — Various examples of p
Page 153 and 154: 1 2 3 Fig. 75 — Position of remov
Page 155 and 156: 0 1 cm Fig. 78 — Proximal fragmen
Page 157 and 158: conventionally applied to "the fash
Page 160 and 161: AKAZAWA T., ODA S., YAMANAKA I. 198
Page 162 and 163: CRABTREE D.E. 1966 A stone worker's
Page 164 and 165: LAPLACE G. 1964 Essai de typologie
Page 166 and 167: SEMENOV S. A. 1964 Prehistoric tech
Page 168: Multilingual vocabulary
Page 171 and 172: pressure platfor m : proximal: f i
Page 173 and 174: ENGLISH : FRENCH abrasion : abrasio
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Levallois (méthode, éclat, etc.)
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punctiform : punktförmi g refittin
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ENGLISH : GREEK translated by A. Mo
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epiklinήV (epexergasίa) : low ang
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punch : punzone punctiform : puntif
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ENGLISH : PORTUGUESE translated by
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face : fac e faceta: buri n face t
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pressure platform : plano de presi
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LOUIS-JEAN avenue d'Embrun, 05003 G
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Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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