Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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Fig. 73 — The stone-knapper's set of tools for pressure (J. Pelegrin). 1 : long crutch. 2 : contraption used for immobilizing the core during blade debitage. 3 : short crutch for bladelet debitage or for retouching. 4 : wooden grooved device. 5 : hand-held grooved device. 6 : flat sandstone pebble (used for abrading the edge of the pressure platform). 7, 8, 9 : antler tools for pressure debitage or retouching in the hand. PIQ UANT- TRIED RE. The traces visible on the extremity of a blade or bladelet when part of it has been removed by the microburi n blow techniqu e (fig. 33). In addition to part of a notch (whose removals always stem from the lower face 149 ), the "piquanttriedre" is characterized - as the name suggests - by a sharp extremity with three flat faces : (1) part of the lower face of the flake, blade or bladelet. (2) part of the upper face of the flake, blade or bladelet. 149 Allowing for very few exceptions, which can be disregarded : microburins obtained by applying blows to the upper face can be counted on the fingers of one hand throughout the world. (3) the characteristic surface left by the removal of the microburin. We have given preference to this term, coined by E.-G. Gobert 150 , over the rather vague "oblique point" commonly used by other French prehistorians and coined by L. Siret 151 . The term "piquant-triedre" can however be criticized for not highlighting the microburin blow technique, the latter term being altogether unsatisfactory. PLAIN. See flat. PLUNGING. This denotes any remova l whose fracture plane, although normal in its proximal zone, arches sharply forward 150 Gobert, 1955 : 229. 151 Siret, 1924 : 123, caption of figure 6. 149
5 Fig. 74 — Various examples of plunging blades and flakes. 1 : on a core with a cortical end. 2 : on a pyramidal pressure core. 3 : on a core with two opposite striking platforms. 4 : on a bifacial foliate piece. 5 : plunging burin spall. 6 : plunging Levallois preferential flake. and tears away a whole section of the blank, be it a core, a debitage product or a tool. A very concave lower face and a generally distal thickening are the two characteristics of plunging. Plunging can remove (fig. 74) : - part of the cortical cap of a core at the beginning of debitage; - the apex of a pyramidal core; 150 - part of the opposite striking platform on a core with two striking platforms; - on a Levallois core, part of the preparation opposite to the striking platform; - the end of a burin opposite to that where the burin blow has been applied; - part of the opposite edge on a bifacial piece; etc.
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Technology and Terminology of Knapp
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In the same collection Préhistoire
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Authors Marie-Louise Inizan*, Mich
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Chapter 4 : Debitage 59 The core De
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List o f illustration s Fig. 1 Raw
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Foreword Many students and research
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Why? Technology has its place withi
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In blade debitage 17 , for instance
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Chapter 1 Raw material s Knapped ha
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2. Knappin g suitability o f hard r
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• A single block of raw material
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Raw material procuremen t strategie
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unmodified block roughed ou t or pr
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Knapping, shaping, flaking, retouch
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could not be reached with such othe
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ipples, hackles (see p. 142). Parad
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• Languette 31 breaks occurring o
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- distinguish intentional from unin
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Fig. 9 — Blade debitage carried o
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Chapter 3 Shaping We use the term s
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to another in the course of roughin
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Fig. 13 — Example of bifacial sha
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aspects be from now on taken into c
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Polyhedral and spheroidal shaping a
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Fig. 18 — Preforms. 1 : experimen
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(fig. 18 : 3), using indirect percu
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As a rule, the part played by shapi
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study should not be dissociated fro
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Fig. 21 62 1 — Relatively simple
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Fig. 22 — Volumetric representati
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66 Fig. 23 — Levallois debitage o
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1. Recurrent unipolar Levallois met
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0 1 2 3 9 Fig. 26 — Various examp
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72 Fig. 28 — Phonolite cleaver on
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In the repeated production of blade
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Indirect percussion Strangely enoug
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Fig. 31 — Pressure debitage of bl
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method was invented in a Sibero-Mon
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These seven characteristics, as wel
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If the microburin blow has removed
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Fig. 34 — Various examples of spe
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Chapter 6 Technology a s a means to
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1. Observation o f surface conditio
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3. Framework fo r th e readin g o f
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Fig. 36 — Refitting. Centripetal
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hammer, the stability of the core o
Page 100 and 101: Only the major milestones in the co
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 7 0 I ~"~2 3 4 o Graphic re
Page 104 and 105: 103 Fig. 37 — Acheulean handaxe,
Page 106 and 107: Fig. 39 — Pressure-flaked bladele
Page 108 and 109: Fig. 41 — Examples of orientation
Page 110 and 111: 1 I Fig. 43 — Two layouts of view
Page 112 and 113: 4. Graphi c desig n an d techniqu e
Page 114 and 115: Fig. 46 — Tracing the outline and
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 47 — Uncompleted laurel leaf
Page 118 and 119: Fig. 48 — Graphical treatment of
Page 120 and 121: Fig. 50 — Large convex Mousterian
Page 122 and 123: 6. Symbol s Although multiple views
Page 124 and 125: Clean breaks are indicated by two s
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 54 — Schematic representatio
Page 128: indicated by numbered arrows. The p
Page 131 and 132: ANVIL. A block of relatively hard s
Page 133 and 134: produced at the very moment the fla
Page 135 and 136: Fig. 60 — Inclination of a burin
Page 137 and 138: Fig. 62 — Various types of butts.
Page 139 and 140: If the morphology of the raw materi
Page 141 and 142: 7 8 9 11 1 2 13 1 4 1 5 Fig. 65 —
Page 143 and 144: - or from a cobble, a slab, a core,
Page 145 and 146: INVERSE. A term defining a position
Page 147 and 148: distinguish the types of certain to
Page 149: Fig. 72 — The stone-knapper's set
Page 153 and 154: 1 2 3 Fig. 75 — Position of remov
Page 155 and 156: 0 1 cm Fig. 78 — Proximal fragmen
Page 157 and 158: conventionally applied to "the fash
Page 160 and 161: AKAZAWA T., ODA S., YAMANAKA I. 198
Page 162 and 163: CRABTREE D.E. 1966 A stone worker's
Page 164 and 165: LAPLACE G. 1964 Essai de typologie
Page 166 and 167: SEMENOV S. A. 1964 Prehistoric tech
Page 168: Multilingual vocabulary
Page 171 and 172: pressure platfor m : proximal: f i
Page 173 and 174: ENGLISH : FRENCH abrasion : abrasio
Page 175 and 176: Levallois (méthode, éclat, etc.)
Page 177 and 178: punctiform : punktförmi g refittin
Page 179 and 180: ENGLISH : GREEK translated by A. Mo
Page 181 and 182: epiklinήV (epexergasίa) : low ang
Page 183 and 184: punch : punzone punctiform : puntif
Page 185 and 186: ENGLISH : PORTUGUESE translated by
Page 187 and 188: face : fac e faceta: buri n face t
Page 189 and 190: pressure platform : plano de presi
Page 192: LOUIS-JEAN avenue d'Embrun, 05003 G
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Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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