Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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3a 4 a 5 a Fig. 32 — The Yubetsu method. 1 : shaped out core. 2 : removal of a crested blade and successive "ski spalls", to prepare the pressure platform. 3, 4, 5 : bladelet debitage. To be worthy of such a name, a pressure-flaked core should always be undisputably fluted in places. Pressure platforms can be cortical, plain or prepared. In the case of vitreous rocks like obsidian, the pressure platform is very often partially or completely rubbed down, to avoid slipping during debitage. The action often extends to the overhang of the core, or even to part of the debitage surface (fig. 78). Rubbing down of the pressure platform and overhang is only rarely documented for flint cores. The two basic forms of cores are the pyramid and the parallelepiped. Pyramidal cores : either have a circular pressure platform and ogival shape (fig. 31:1), end result of a core that has been shaped out like a "mitre"; or are virtually cylindrical bullet cores with a very much smaller pressure platform by the time debitage is finished (fig. 31:2). Parallelepipedal cores, which are described as "flat", have a single debitage surface, or two successive ones, as recorded in the Greek Bronze Age (fig. 31:3 and 4). On blades and bladelets of "plein debitage " - parallel edges and arrises, which tend to be rectilinear; - constant thickness, mesial section included; - no obvious ripples on the lower face; - a butt always narrower than the maximum width of the blades, which is very rapidly reached. The Yubetsu metho d The name "Yubetsu" is not intended to have any connotations regarding the geographical area in which the method appeared, but simply refers to the fact that it was first recognized as a method of pressure debitage in Japan 78 . Indeed, it is now ackowledged that this original debitage 78 Akazawa et aL, 1980. 79
method was invented in a Sibero-Mongolian area during the Upper Palaeolithic. While there is but a single conception underlying this type of bladelet debitage, many variants have been identified, which stand for cultural markers, as in Japan for instance. The main stages of the operative scheme are the following. • The raw material is shaped out by means of bifacial percussion removals, resulting in a more or less regular, often asymmetrical, leaf-shaped bifacial piece (fig. 32 : 1). • The least convex ridge of this "biface" is then removed, usually by successive removals called "ski spalls". In cross-section, the first removal (akin to a crested blade) is triangular, and the following removals are trapezoidal (fig. 32 : 2). Such removals are characteristic enough for the debitage scheme to be reconstructed, even in the absence of refits. • The negatives of these characteristic blades are used as a pressure platform to remove the bladelets (fig. 32 : 3 and 4). • The first bladelet displays negatives of the bifacial removals from the other ridge of the biface; this is a first crest, as defined in blade debitage. • The narrow cross-section of the biface offers but a small debitage surface, which is why the core has such a specific shape, known as a "wedge-shaped core" (fig. 32 : 5). As debitage is carried out along the width of the biface, and as the debitage surface is no larger than the cross-section of the core, the blade products are of relatively constant length, but small in size. 80
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Technology and Terminology of Knapp
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In the same collection Préhistoire
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Authors Marie-Louise Inizan*, Mich
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Chapter 4 : Debitage 59 The core De
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List o f illustration s Fig. 1 Raw
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Foreword Many students and research
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Why? Technology has its place withi
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In blade debitage 17 , for instance
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Chapter 1 Raw material s Knapped ha
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2. Knappin g suitability o f hard r
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• A single block of raw material
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Raw material procuremen t strategie
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unmodified block roughed ou t or pr
Page 31 and 32: Knapping, shaping, flaking, retouch
Page 33 and 34: could not be reached with such othe
Page 35 and 36: ipples, hackles (see p. 142). Parad
Page 37 and 38: • Languette 31 breaks occurring o
Page 39 and 40: - distinguish intentional from unin
Page 41 and 42: Fig. 9 — Blade debitage carried o
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 3 Shaping We use the term s
Page 46 and 47: to another in the course of roughin
Page 48 and 49: Fig. 13 — Example of bifacial sha
Page 50 and 51: aspects be from now on taken into c
Page 52 and 53: Polyhedral and spheroidal shaping a
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 18 — Preforms. 1 : experimen
Page 56 and 57: (fig. 18 : 3), using indirect percu
Page 58: As a rule, the part played by shapi
Page 61 and 62: study should not be dissociated fro
Page 63 and 64: Fig. 21 62 1 — Relatively simple
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 22 — Volumetric representati
Page 67 and 68: 66 Fig. 23 — Levallois debitage o
Page 69 and 70: 1. Recurrent unipolar Levallois met
Page 71 and 72: 0 1 2 3 9 Fig. 26 — Various examp
Page 73 and 74: 72 Fig. 28 — Phonolite cleaver on
Page 75 and 76: In the repeated production of blade
Page 77 and 78: Indirect percussion Strangely enoug
Page 79: Fig. 31 — Pressure debitage of bl
Page 83 and 84: These seven characteristics, as wel
Page 85 and 86: If the microburin blow has removed
Page 87 and 88: Fig. 34 — Various examples of spe
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 6 Technology a s a means to
Page 92 and 93: 1. Observation o f surface conditio
Page 94 and 95: 3. Framework fo r th e readin g o f
Page 96 and 97: Fig. 36 — Refitting. Centripetal
Page 98 and 99: hammer, the stability of the core o
Page 100 and 101: Only the major milestones in the co
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 7 0 I ~"~2 3 4 o Graphic re
Page 104 and 105: 103 Fig. 37 — Acheulean handaxe,
Page 106 and 107: Fig. 39 — Pressure-flaked bladele
Page 108 and 109: Fig. 41 — Examples of orientation
Page 110 and 111: 1 I Fig. 43 — Two layouts of view
Page 112 and 113: 4. Graphi c desig n an d techniqu e
Page 114 and 115: Fig. 46 — Tracing the outline and
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 47 — Uncompleted laurel leaf
Page 118 and 119: Fig. 48 — Graphical treatment of
Page 120 and 121: Fig. 50 — Large convex Mousterian
Page 122 and 123: 6. Symbol s Although multiple views
Page 124 and 125: Clean breaks are indicated by two s
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 54 — Schematic representatio
Page 128: indicated by numbered arrows. The p
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ANVIL. A block of relatively hard s
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produced at the very moment the fla
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Fig. 60 — Inclination of a burin
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Fig. 62 — Various types of butts.
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If the morphology of the raw materi
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7 8 9 11 1 2 13 1 4 1 5 Fig. 65 —
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- or from a cobble, a slab, a core,
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INVERSE. A term defining a position
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distinguish the types of certain to
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Fig. 72 — The stone-knapper's set
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5 Fig. 74 — Various examples of p
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1 2 3 Fig. 75 — Position of remov
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0 1 cm Fig. 78 — Proximal fragmen
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conventionally applied to "the fash
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AKAZAWA T., ODA S., YAMANAKA I. 198
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CRABTREE D.E. 1966 A stone worker's
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LAPLACE G. 1964 Essai de typologie
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SEMENOV S. A. 1964 Prehistoric tech
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Multilingual vocabulary
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pressure platfor m : proximal: f i
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ENGLISH : FRENCH abrasion : abrasio
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Levallois (méthode, éclat, etc.)
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punctiform : punktförmi g refittin
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ENGLISH : GREEK translated by A. Mo
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epiklinήV (epexergasίa) : low ang
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punch : punzone punctiform : puntif
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ENGLISH : PORTUGUESE translated by
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face : fac e faceta: buri n face t
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pressure platform : plano de presi
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Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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